< Crop Kits Wheat Fertilizers A specialized range of biological and botanical formulations designed to enhance wheat crop growth, improve nutrient uptake, boost disease resistance, and support seed germination. These products combine bio-stimulants, microbial solutions, and natural extracts to maximize yield and crop health sustainably. Product Enquiry What Why How What it is Wheat Fertilizers are a curated line of biological and natural inputs—including bio-stimulants, microbial blends, seed treatments, and pest management solutions—designed specifically for wheat cultivation. Why is it important Using tailored wheat fertilizers promotes healthier plants, higher yields, and more resilient crops. They reduce the need for synthetic inputs, improve sustainability, and help farmers achieve consistent productivity—even under challenging soil and climate conditions. How it works These products work by enhancing soil health, stimulating root growth, improving nutrient uptake (especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), and increasing resistance to pests and diseases. They support key crop stages like germination, tillering, flowering, and grain filling through targeted biological activity and plant-available nutrients. Subcategory Our Products Explore our tailored Wheat Fertilizer solutions—designed to enhance root growth, nutrient uptake, and crop resilience for healthier plants and higher yields. Aminomax SP Aminomax SP is a biostimulant rich in amino acids derived from plant protein hydrolysates using enzymatic hydrolysis. View Product Annomax Annomax is a botanical extract from Annona squamosa seeds, containing 1% Squamocin (Annonin) as an emulsifiable concentrate. View Product BioProtek Bioprotek is a microbial plant growth promoter that protects leaves and fruits and enhances root-zone activity. View Product Biocupe Biocupe is a spore-based biofungicide containing Chaetomium cupreum for foliar and soil use against fungal diseases. View Product Neem Plus Neem Plus is a water-soluble neem and karanja-based bio-formulation targeting over 400 crop pests. View Product Seed Protek SeedProtek is a seed treatment with Mycorrhiza, PGPR, and nutrient-mobilizing microbes for germination and stress tolerance. View Product Silicomax Silicomax is an organo-silicon adjuvant that improves wetting, sticking, and absorption of agricultural sprays. View Product 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 Resources Read all

Pseudomonas putida is a beneficial bacterium known for producing growth-promoting substances like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), enhancing plant development and root architecture. It degrades organic pollutants, improving soil health and structure while making nutrients more bioavailable. Additionally, P. putida boosts plant stress tolerance by mitigating the effects of drought, salinity, and heavy metals, making it invaluable for sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation. < Microbial Species Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas putida is a beneficial bacterium known for producing growth-promoting substances like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), enhancing plant development and root architecture. It degrades organic pollutants,… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Pseudomonas putida for Industrial Applications Weimer et al. (2020) A comprehensive review detailing the advances in genetic engineering, systems biology, and biotechnological exploitation of P. putida as an industrial microbial cell factory. It covers the production of bio-based chemicals, adaptation to toxic environments, and integration with synthetic biology platforms. Read here D’Arrigo et al. (2015) This study used differential RNA-sequencing (dRNA-seq) to map transcriptional start sites in P. putida KT2440 , revealing promoter architecture and untranslated regions that are critical for optimizing gene expression in industrial strain design. Read here Nelson et al. (2002) The complete genome sequence of P. putida KT2440 is presented, identifying the organism’s extensive metabolic capabilities, solvent resistance, and non-pathogenic status. The genome is a cornerstone for metabolic engineering in industrial settings. Read here Udaondo et al. (2016) Provides a pangenomic comparison of nine P. putida strains. This study highlights conserved pathways for carbon metabolism and aromatic compound degradation, confirming their robustness in diverse industrial bioprocesses . Read here Song & Zhang (2012) Identifies and localizes mobile genomic islands in several P. putida strains, including genes for salt resistance, stress tolerance, and efflux systems. These traits enhance survival and productivity in chemically harsh industrial environments. Read here Kivisaar (2020) Reviews P. putida ’s historical development and adaptation as a model for biotechnological research, with a focus on regulatory mechanisms, stress responses, and genomic plasticity relevant to industrial-scale applications. Read here Mode of Action 1. Biocontrol via Nutrient Competition and Siderophores P. putida can protect plants against pathogens without relying on toxic or antibiotic substances. Instead, it uses a strategy based on nutrient competition , especially for iron . Siderophores like pyoverdine are secreted to tightly bind iron from the environment, making it unavailable to competing microorganisms (including plant pathogens), thereby suppressing their growth. Notably, P. putida B2017 does not produce common antibiotics like pyocyanin or pyrrolnitrin, but still exhibits biocontrol activity due to pyoverdine production (Daura-Pich et al., 2020). 2. Plant Growth Promotion and Rhizosphere Colonization P. putida is a well-known Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) that helps plants grow better by: Mobilizing nutrients (e.g., phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen metabolism). Inducing systemic resistance in plants against bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens (Park et al., 2011) . Efficiently colonizing the rhizosphere (plant root environment) due to genes promoting motility, chemotaxis, and biofilm formation (Molina et al., 2020) . These abilities allow P. putida to coexist with plants, creating a beneficial plant-microbe relationship. 3. Environmental Bioremediation and Stress Tolerance Thanks to its metabolic versatility , P. putida can degrade a wide variety of toxic pollutants , including hydrocarbons, solvents, and xenobiotics. This makes it a powerful tool in bioremediation (cleaning up contaminated environments). It possesses catabolic genes for the breakdown of aromatic compounds, heavy metals, and other industrial pollutants (Udaondo et al., 2016) . The strain KT2440 is widely used as a model for industrial biotechnology due to its non-pathogenic nature and ability to survive under stress conditions such as high salinity and oxidative stress (Nelson et al., 2002) . 4. Production of Antimicrobial Compounds (Strain-Specific) While not all P. putida strains produce antimicrobial compounds, certain isolates do exhibit this trait: Strains like W15Oct28 and BW11M1 produce putisolvins (cyclic lipopeptides), bacteriocins , tailocins , and other hydrophobic antimicrobial compounds that are active against Staphylococcus aureus , P. aeruginosa , and P. syringae (Ye et al., 2014) ; (Ghequire et al., 2016) . These antimicrobial compounds often work under specific environmental conditions such as low iron availability, adding a layer of ecological control to their use. 5. Capsule Formation and Biofilm Development P. putida can form a polysaccharide capsule that helps in: Surface adhesion (critical for root colonization and biofilm development). Protection against environmental stresses , such as desiccation and immune responses in the case of exposure to a host (Kachlany & Ghiorse, 2009) . Biofilm formation is also important for both plant interactions and survival in industrial settings . Additional Info Pseudomonas putida acts mainly through non-toxic mechanisms like siderophore production, rhizosphere colonization, metabolic versatility for bioremediation, and, in some strains, production of antimicrobial compounds, making it a valuable tool in agriculture and environmental biotechnology. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: 1 kg of seeds will be coated with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Pseudomonas putida and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. The coated seeds will then be dried in shade and sow or broadcast in the field Seedling Treatment: Dip the seedlings into the mixture of 100 grams of Pseudomonas putida and sufficient amount of water. Soil Treatment: Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Pseudomonas putida with organic manure/organic fertilizers. Incorporate the mixture and spread into the field at the time of planting/sowing. Irrigation: Mix 3 kg per acre of Pseudomonas putida in a sufficient amount of water and run into the drip lines. FAQ What are the primary mechanisms by which Pseudomonas putida exhibits biocontrol activity? P. putida exhibits biocontrol through several integrated mechanisms: Siderophore-mediated iron sequestration: Pyoverdine is the primary siderophore produced, depriving competing phytopathogens of essential iron, thus limiting their proliferation (Daura-Pich et al., 2020). Biofilm formation and rhizosphere competence: Biofilm-related genes facilitate stable colonization of the plant rhizosphere, enhancing competition and persistence in soil ecosystems (Udaondo et al., 2016) . Induced systemic resistance (ISR): Certain strains (e.g., B001) can prime host plant immunity, leading to enhanced resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens (Park et al., 2011) . What secondary metabolites does P. putida produce, and what are their functions? While P. putida lacks traditional antibiotic biosynthesis clusters seen in P. aeruginosa, several strains synthesize specialized metabolites with ecological and antimicrobial roles: Putisolvins: Lipopeptides with surfactant and antimicrobial properties, also involved in biofilm dispersal (Ye et al., 2014) . Tailocins and bacteriocins: Bacteriophage-derived protein complexes with lethal activity against closely related bacterial strains (Ghequire et al., 2016) . TonB-dependent receptors: Facilitate siderophore piracy, allowing utilization of exogenous siderophores from other microbes (Ye et al., 2014) . What genomic features underlie the adaptability of P. putida? Large and flexible genome (~6.1–6.5 Mb): Rich in genes for xenobiotic degradation, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance (Nelson et al., 2002) . Mobile genetic elements: Genomic islands encode catabolic operons, efflux pumps, and stress tolerance mechanisms such as ectoine biosynthesis (Song & Zhang, 2012) . Metabolic versatility: Core genome includes complete pathways for the Entner–Doudoroff, pentose phosphate, and aromatic compound degradation cycles (Udaondo et al., 2016) . What makes P. putida suitable for industrial biotechnology? Tolerant to solvents and oxidative stress: Enables its use in biocatalysis and metabolic engineering under harsh conditions (Weimer et al., 2020) . Compatibility with genetic tools: KT2440, a model strain, has been adapted for synthetic biology using CRISPR-Cas systems and modular plasmids for pathway design (Weimer et al., 2020) . Production of value-added products: Used to biosynthesize bioplastics, phenylalanine derivatives, and other platform chemicals from renewable feedstocks (Kivisaar, 2020) . Does P. putida form biofilms or extracellular structures? Yes. Several strains can form: Capsules composed of complex polysaccharides, contributing to adhesion, desiccation resistance, and evasion of protozoan grazing (Kachlany & Ghiorse, 2009) . Biofilms: Promoted by flagellar genes, quorum sensing elements, and cyclic-di-GMP signaling pathways essential for colonization and surface persistence (Udaondo et al., 2016) . Related Products Aspergillus awamori Bacillus firmus Bacillus megaterium Bacillus polymyxa Pseudomonas striata More Products Resources Read all

Paenibacillus azotofixans: Utilized in agricultural practices to promote plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, thus improving soil fertility, especially in various crop fields. < Microbial Species Paenibacillus azotofixans Paenibacillus azotofixans: Utilized in agricultural practices to promote plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, thus improving soil fertility, especially in various crop fields. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Nitrogen Fixation Paenibacillus azotofixans fixes atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which enhances nitrogen availability for plants, supporting their growth and development. Plant Growth Promotion Paenibacillus azotofixans produces phytohormones like auxins and cytokinins, which stimulate root growth and increase the efficiency of nutrient and water uptake. Disease Suppression It exhibits antagonistic activity against various plant pathogens, helping to suppress diseases and enhance plant health through competition and antibiotic production. Phosphate Solubilization It solubilizes phosphate in the soil, making it more accessible to plants, which improves their phosphorus uptake and overall nutrient status. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Molecular Biology and Genetics Genome-Scale Studies: Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of nitrogen fixation in Paenibacillus species has identified over 9,000 differentially expressed genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, energy production, and stress response. These studies provide detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying nitrogen fixation efficiency. biomedcentral Phylogenetic Analysis: Molecular phylogenetic studies based on nifH gene sequences demonstrate that Paenibacillus azotofixans nitrogen-fixing genes cluster with cyanobacterial and archaeal nitrogenases, suggesting ancient evolutionary origins and potential for high activity. journals.asm Regulatory Mechanisms: Advanced molecular studies have elucidated complex regulatory networks involving GlnR, AdeR, and other transcriptional regulators that control nitrogen fixation in response to environmental conditions. microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral+1 Field Performance and Agricultural Applications Multi-Location Trials: Extensive field trials across different climatic zones and soil types consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of Paenibacillus azotofixans for enhancing crop productivity. These studies provide robust evidence for the bacterium's agricultural value under diverse conditions. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Long-Term Sustainability: Research demonstrates that repeated application of Paenibacillus azotofixans maintains soil health and fertility without negative environmental impacts. Long-term studies show sustained benefits over multiple growing seasons. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Economic Analysis: Cost-benefit analyses demonstrate positive returns on investment from Paenibacillus azotofixans applications, with reduced fertilizer costs offsetting inoculation expenses while providing additional yield benefits. cropj Mode of Action Nitrogen Fixation Biochemistry Paenibacillus azotofixans employs a highly regulated nitrogenase system consisting of multiple enzyme complexes that work together to reduce atmospheric nitrogen: journals.asm+1 Oxygen Sensitivity Management: As an obligate anaerobe process, nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase requires oxygen-free conditions. Paenibacillus azotofixans creates localized anaerobic microenvironments through rapid oxygen consumption and biofilm formation. biomedcentral Energy Requirements: The nitrogen fixation process requires substantial ATP input (16 molecules of ATP per molecule of N₂ fixed). Paenibacillus azotofixans meets this energy demand through efficient carbohydrate metabolism and optimized electron transport chains. biomedcentral Metal Cofactor Utilization: The nitrogenase enzyme complex requires molybdenum, iron, and sulfur cofactors. Paenibacillus azotofixans possesses specialized transport systems for acquiring and concentrating these essential metals. biomedcentral Metabolic Integration and Regulation Ammonium Tolerance Mechanisms: Recent research has revealed that certain Paenibacillus species can overcome ammonium inhibition of nitrogen fixation through alanine dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. This mechanism allows continued nitrogen fixation even in soils with moderate nitrogen availability. microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral Carbon-Nitrogen Balance: The bacterium maintains optimal carbon-nitrogen ratios through sophisticated regulatory networks that coordinate nitrogen fixation with carbon metabolism. This integration ensures efficient resource utilization and sustained bacterial activity. journals.asm Stress Response Systems: Paenibacillus azotofixans possesses multiple stress response mechanisms that maintain nitrogen fixation activity under challenging environmental conditions including drought, temperature extremes, and pH variations. microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral Applications in Biofertilizers and Soil Health Management Commercial Biofertilizer Formulations Paenibacillus azotofixans serves as a key component in advanced biofertilizer formulations designed for various agricultural applications: indogulfbioag+1 Multi-Strain Consortiums: Commercial products often combine Paenibacillus azotofixans with complementary bacteria such as phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and biocontrol agents to provide comprehensive plant nutrition and protection. indogulfbioag Crop-Specific Formulations: Different application methods and strain combinations are optimized for specific crops and growing conditions. Soybean formulations may emphasize nitrogen fixation, while vegetable applications focus on rapid establishment and growth promotion. cropj Delivery Systems: Paenibacillus azotofixans can be formulated for seed treatment, soil application, or irrigation system delivery, providing flexibility for different farming operations. indogulfbioag Integration with Sustainable Farming Practices Organic Agriculture: As a naturally occurring, non-GMO bacterium, Paenibacillus azotofixans is approved for organic farming systems and supports organic certification requirements. indogulfbioag Precision Agriculture: The bacterium can be integrated into precision farming systems where GPS-guided application ensures optimal placement and dosing based on field-specific soil conditions and crop requirements. Conservation Agriculture: Paenibacillus azotofixans supports no-till and reduced-tillage farming systems by maintaining soil biological activity and nitrogen availability without mechanical soil disturbance. Paenibacillus Species Diversity and Agricultural Significance The Broader Paenibacillus Genus The Paenibacillus species represent one of the most diverse bacterial genera in soil ecosystems, with over 211 described species exhibiting remarkable genetic and phenotypic diversity. This diversity reflects extensive horizontal gene transfer and adaptive evolution that has enabled Paenibacillus species to colonize diverse environmental niches. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Genomic Diversity: Comparative genomic analyses reveal that Paenibacillus species possess highly variable genome sizes ranging from 3.9 to 10.4 megabases, with extensive variation in gene content even within species. This genomic plasticity underlies the genus's exceptional environmental adaptability. nature Metabolic Versatility: Paenibacillus species demonstrate remarkable metabolic diversity, with different species specialized for various functions including nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, biocontrol, and organic matter decomposition. This metabolic diversity makes them valuable for diverse agricultural applications. nature Nitrogen-Fixing Paenibacillus Species Multiple Paenibacillus species possess nitrogen-fixing capabilities, each adapted to specific environmental conditions and plant associations: frontiersin+1 Paenibacillus polymyxa: Perhaps the most extensively studied species, demonstrating nitrogen fixation, biocontrol activity, and plant growth promotion across numerous crop species. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Paenibacillus borealis: Isolated from forest humus, this species contributes to nitrogen cycling in forest ecosystems and demonstrates potential for forestry applications. microbiologyresearch Paenibacillus graminis: Associated with grass rhizospheres, this species enhances nitrogen availability in forage and turf systems. frontiersin Additional Info Incomplete Section Finalization Paenibacillus azotofixans is recognized for its agricultural significance as a potent nitrogen fixer and plant growth promoter. Modern molecular biology and field-scale studies have validated its benefits for crop nutrition, environmental sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. The bacterium’s versatility and resilience are supported by its diverse regulatory, metabolic, and stress response mechanisms, which make it compatible across a wide range of soil conditions and crop systems. Laboratory Contaminant Significance Paenibacillus species are widely distributed in natural and built environments, including soil, water, and air. Their ability to form spores and survive harsh conditions means they are frequent laboratory contaminants. In clinical and research laboratories, Paenibacillus can be isolated from surfaces, air, gloves, and sample materials—often as part of sterility testing. Several species, including Paenibacillus contaminans, have been specifically described as contaminants during laboratory plate handling. This is particularly relevant in low-biomass environments, as modern sequencing or culture approaches can easily detect spores or cells introduced during sample processing or from ambient air. The high occurrence of Paenibacillus as a contaminant can result in false-positive results, especially in blood cultures, sterile fluids, or low-biomass samples. Proper sample collection, rigorous sterilization, and careful interpretation of culture results are imperative. Contaminants are often identified retrospectively by phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis and may comprise the majority of positive cultures unless clear clinical evidence of infection is present. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+3 Human Pathogenicity Paenibacillus species are generally regarded as environmental and plant-associated bacteria. However, accumulating evidence shows that a subset can act as opportunistic pathogens in humans—particularly in immunocompromised individuals, neonates, or following traumatic injuries. Human infections are rare but increasingly described in clinical case reports and systematic reviews. Several species implicated in human disease include P. alvei, P. thiaminolyticus, P. lautus, P. provencensis, and others. Infections range from wound infections, abscesses, ocular infections, sepsis, meningitis, and, rarely, endocarditis. Pathogenicity is driven by several factors: Spore formation and environmental resilience: Spores remain viable on skin surfaces and within hospital environments, making transmission and infection possible under specific conditions. d-nb+1 Virulence factors: Some Paenibacillus possess genes for thiol-activated cytolysins, proteases, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial compound production. journals.plos+3 Antibiotic resistance: Many isolates demonstrate resistance to multiple antibiotics, particularly penicillins, clindamycin, sulfonamides, and sometimes vancomycin, calling for careful susceptibility testing. pure.psu+4 Clinical Management Recommendations Management of Paenibacillus infections hinges on accurate diagnosis and effective antimicrobial therapy. As precaution, clinicians should: Differentiate true infection from contamination: Always correlate positive cultures with clinical signs (fever, leukocytosis, infection at the site), especially when Paenibacillus is isolated from blood, sterile fluids, or deep wounds. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Empiric and directed antibiotic therapy: Initial therapy is empiric, but due to variable resistance patterns, therapy should be adjusted based on susceptibility testing. Effective options typically include cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, amikacin, rifampicin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin, while resistance to penicillins, clindamycin, and vancomycin can occur. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be used for P. urinalis. droracle+6 Remove or drain infection sources: Surgical removal of infected tissues, foreign bodies, or abscess drainage may be necessary in localized infections. Monitor for complications: Especially in infants, Paenibacillus can cause severe complications like meningitis and hydrocephalus, requiring close monitoring and sometimes neurosurgical intervention. thelancet+2 Follow-up and continuity of care: Persistent infections require long-term medical follow-up and sometimes prolonged antibiotic administration. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Current Knowledge of Human Infections Systematic reviews and case series demonstrate that although Paenibacillus species are uncommon human pathogens, the number of species associated with clinical infections is growing. Infection presentations differ notably between adults and infants: Adults: Infections are sporadic, caused by a wide array of species, often present as wound infections, abscesses, or localized sepsis. Central nervous system involvement is rare, and most cases resolve with treatment. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Infants: Neonatal infections are far more severe, especially with P. thiaminolyticus, and often present as sepsis or meningitis with a high risk of cerebral destruction and hydrocephalus. Mortality rates are notable, and survivors often need surgical intervention for neurological sequelae. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+3 The overall frequency of infection remains low relative to the ubiquity of the genus, indicating that most isolates are contaminants, but vigilance is still warranted for at-risk populations. Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: Coat 1 kg of seeds with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Paenibacillus Azotofixans and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. Dry the coated seeds in shade before sowing or broadcasting in the field. Seedling Treatment: Dip seedlings into a mixture of 100 grams of Paenibacillus Azotofixans with sufficient water. Soil Treatment: Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Paenibacillus Azotofixans with organic manure or fertilizers. Incorporate into the soil during planting or sowing. Irrigation: Mix 3 kg per acre of Paenibacillus Azotofixans in water and apply through drip lines. FAQ What is the significance of Paenibacillus as a potential laboratory contaminant? Answer: Paenibacillus species are among the most frequently isolated laboratory contaminants, especially in low-biomass and sterile sample environments. Their spores persist in air, on surfaces, and even on personal protective equipment, leading to inadvertent contamination of cultures and clinical specimens. Laboratory contaminants can cause diagnostic confusion, particularly when isolated from blood cultures or sterile sites, given the genus’s environmental prevalence. Recognizing Paenibacillus as a contaminant is vital to prevent misdiagnosis, unnecessary antimicrobial therapy, and misleading research conclusions. Rigorous sample handling and critical assessment of laboratory results are essential in distinguishing contamination from true infection. sciencedirect+4 Can Paenibacillus species exhibit pathogenicity in humans? Answer: Although primarily environmental and plant-associated, certain Paenibacillus species can exhibit pathogenicity in humans, particularly in vulnerable populations such as neonates, immunocompromised individuals, or following trauma. Documented infections include sepsis, wound infection, abscesses, meningitis, endocarditis, ocular infections, and rare systemic disease. Species like P. alvei, P. thiaminolyticus, and P. lautus are increasingly identified as clinical pathogens. In neonates, P. thiaminolyticus is notably associated with severe CNS infections. Virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and spore persistence contribute to pathogenic potential, although true infections remain rare compared to environmental contamination. wwwnc.cdc+9 What are the recommended clinical approaches for managing Paenibacillus infections? Answer: Management is guided by accurate diagnosis and susceptibility-directed antimicrobial therapy. Clinicians should distinguish true infection from laboratory contamination, correlate culture results with clinical findings, and employ targeted treatment. Empiric therapy can include cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, amikacin, levofloxacin, and rifampicin, but resistance to penicillin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and sulfonamides is not uncommon. Susceptibility testing is imperative prior to finalizing antibiotic choice. Additional interventions such as surgical drainage of infected tissues may be necessary. Neonatal and CNS infections require close multidisciplinary management. Long-term monitoring is advised due to the potential for persistent or recurrent infection and post-infectious complications. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+7 What is currently known about human infections caused by Paenibacillus species? Answer: Human Paenibacillus infections, while uncommon, are increasingly recognized in pediatric and adult populations. Infections in adults are sporadic and generally mild, presenting as localized wound infection, abscesses, or sepsis, and most affected individuals recover without severe sequelae. Neonatal infections, especially those due to P. thiaminolyticus, are severe and often complicated by brain injury, hydrocephalus, and require surgical intervention, with notable associated mortality. The rise in documented cases reflects improved detection, growing awareness, and advances in microbiological diagnostics. Nonetheless, the majority of clinical isolates are contaminants rather than true pathogens, highlighting the importance of careful clinical interpretation and management. Ongoing research is elucidating new species, virulence mechanisms, and optimized treatment protocols. sciencedirect+9 Related Products Acetobacter xylinum Azospirillum brasilense Azospirillum lipoferum Azospirillum spp. Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerinckia indica Bradyrhizobium elkanii Bradyrhizobium japonicum More Products Resources Read all

Neem extracts from Azadirachta indica contain Azadirachtin, toxic to pests, acting as antifeedant, repellent, and sterilizer. Organic gardeners use it for pest control. < Microbial Species Neem Extracts from Azadirachta Indica Tree Neem extracts from Azadirachta indica contain Azadirachtin, toxic to pests, acting as antifeedant, repellent, and sterilizer. Organic gardeners use it for pest control. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Environmental Compatibility Neem extracts degrade rapidly, leaving no harmful residues and posing minimal risk to non-target species and ecosystems. Sterilizing Effect on Pests Neem extracts induce sterility in insect pests, reducing their reproductive capabilities and population growth. Insect Repellent Properties Neem extracts, containing Azadirachtin, act as antifeedants and repellents against insect pests, disrupting feeding and reducing infestation. Antifungal Activity Azadirachtin in neem extracts exhibits fungicidal properties, effectively controlling fungal diseases like powdery mildew and leaf rust. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Target pests: Aphids, whiteflies, spider mites, powdery mildew, leaf rust Recommended Crops: Cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds, fibre crops, sugar crops, forage crops, plantation crops, vegetables, fruits, spices, flowers, medicinal crops, aromatic crops, orchards, and ornamentals Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Related Products More Products Resources Read all

Pseudomonas fluorescens suppresses soil-borne pathogens, produces antibiotics and siderophores, enhances nutrient availability, improves root growth and disease resistance. < Microbial Species Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas fluorescens suppresses soil-borne pathogens, produces antibiotics and siderophores, enhances nutrient availability, improves root growth and disease resistance. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Promotes plant growth through siderophore production Pseudomonas fluorescens produces siderophores, which chelate iron and make it available to plants, thereby enhancing plant growth. Controls soil-borne pathogens Effectively suppresses the growth of various soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia, reducing disease incidence in plants. Enhances nutrient availability in the rhizosphere Improves the availability of nutrients like phosphorus and zinc, facilitating better nutrient uptake by plants for improved growth. Stimulates root development Stimulates root elongation and proliferation, leading to enhanced nutrient absorption and overall plant health. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Haas, D., & Défago, G. (2005). Biological control of soil-borne pathogens by fluorescent pseudomonads. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 3 (4), 307–319. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1129 Raaijmakers, J. M., et al. (2002). Antibiotic production by bacterial biocontrol agents. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 81 (1), 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020501420831 Weller, D. M. (2007). Pseudomonas biocontrol agents of soilborne pathogens: Looking back over 30 years. Phytopathology, 97 (2), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-97-2-0250 Chin-A-Woeng, T. F. C., et al. (2003). Phenazines and their role in biocontrol by Pseudomonas bacteria. New Phytologist, 157 (3), 503–523. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00665.x Glick, B. R. (2012). Plant growth-promoting bacteria: Mechanisms and applications. Scientifica, 2012 , 963401. https://doi.org/10.6064/2012/963401 Singh, A., & Ward, O. P. (2004). Biodegradation and Bioremediation. Springer . ISBN: 978-3-540-21008-2 Mode of Action 1. Pathogen Suppression Siderophore Production : Chelates iron, making it unavailable to phytopathogens like Fusarium , Pythium , and Rhizoctonia . Antibiotic Secretion : Produces metabolites like 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), and pyoluteorin that inhibit fungal growth. Competitive Exclusion : Rapid colonization of the rhizosphere prevents establishment of pathogenic organisms. Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) : Triggers host plant defenses akin to acquired immunity via salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways. 2. Plant Growth Promotion Phytohormone Synthesis : Produces indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) which enhances root development and nutrient absorption. Phosphorus Solubilization : Converts insoluble phosphates to bioavailable forms via organic acid secretion. Nitrogen Fixation & Nutrient Mobilization : Improves uptake of nitrogen, potassium, and trace elements. 3. Bioremediation Hydrocarbon Degradation : Utilizes oxygenases and peroxidases to break down complex organic compounds like crude oil and pesticides. Heavy Metal Detoxification : Bioaccumulates and transforms metals (e.g., cadmium, nickel) through redox reactions, reducing their phytotoxicity. Additional Info Formulation Types Liquid Suspension and Talc-Based Powder formulations are available for diverse application methods including seed treatment, soil application, and irrigation-based delivery systems. Shelf Life Stable for up to 1 year from the date of manufacturing under recommended storage conditions (cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture). Storage Guidelines Store in original, sealed packaging at room temperature (preferably 4–30°C). Avoid exposure to high humidity or freezing conditions. Shake well before use in case of sedimentation in liquid formulations. Compatibility Compatible with most organic manures, microbial consortia, and biostimulants. Avoid simultaneous use with strong chemical fungicides. Apply in staggered intervals if necessary. Packing Tailor-made packaging available to meet customer-specific requirements, including bulk and retail formats. Options include 250 g, 500 g, 1 kg for powder and 250 mL, 500 mL, 1 L for liquid, with private labelling support available on request. Regulatory & Safety Compliance Complies with organic farming regulations (NPOP, USDA-NOP). Safe for applicators, animals, soil microfauna, and non-target organisms. Non-toxic, non-pathogenic, and environmentally sustainable. Dosage & Application Agricultural Applications Seed Treatment Preparation : Mix 10 g of Pseudomonas fluorescens powder or 10 mL of liquid formulation with 10 mL of a 10% jaggery or sugar solution per kg of seed. Method : Coat seeds uniformly and allow to shade-dry for 30 minutes before sowing. Purpose : Protects seedlings from early soil-borne infections and enhances early root development. Seedling Root Dip Preparation : Dilute 10 g or 10 mL of the formulation per liter of water. Method : Immerse seedlings in the suspension for 20–30 minutes prior to transplantation. Purpose : Establishes beneficial microbial populations in the rhizosphere at early growth stages. Soil Application Preparation : Mix 2–5 kg of P. fluorescens with 100–200 kg of compost or well-decomposed farmyard manure per acre. Method : Apply to soil before sowing or during active root zone development. Frequency : Apply 2–3 times per cropping season for persistent soil colonization. Purpose : Suppresses soil-borne pathogens and enhances nutrient cycling. Drip Irrigation / Foliar Spray Preparation : Mix 1–2 L per acre in sufficient water for irrigation systems or foliar sprays. Use Case : Targeted during high disease pressure or as a maintenance dose in precision farming systems. Environmental Remediation Applications Apply in concentrations of 10⁶–10⁸ CFU/mL to contaminated soils or water bodies. Co-inoculate with organic substrates to stimulate microbial degradation of hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Periodic re-application may be required depending on pollutant load and environmental conditions. Industrial Applications Dosage optimized based on bioreactor volume and desired metabolite yield (e.g., biosurfactants). Integrated into wastewater treatment plants at inoculation rates sufficient to reduce BOD/COD and degrade complex pollutants. FAQ What are the main applications of Pseudomonas fluorescens? It is applied in agriculture for plant growth promotion and disease suppression, in environmental remediation for pollutant degradation, and in biotechnology for producing biosurfactants and biopolymers. How does it help crops resist diseases? It inhibits pathogens through siderophore production, antibiotic secretion, and competition, while also activating systemic resistance in the plant. Is it effective under abiotic stress? Yes. It enhances plant tolerance to drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity by improving root health and reducing oxidative damage. Can it be used in organic farming? Yes, it is 100% organic-compatible and certified under most international organic farming standards. Is it safe for the environment? Completely. It is non-pathogenic, does not bioaccumulate in higher organisms, and supports beneficial soil ecology. How long does it persist in soil? It can persist and actively colonize the rhizosphere for several weeks under favorable conditions, but periodic re-application is recommended. Can it be combined with other microbial products? Yes, particularly with Bacillus spp., Trichoderma spp., and mycorrhizal fungi. Compatibility with chemical fungicides should be assessed case by case. Does it affect pollinators or beneficial insects? No, it is completely safe for bees, earthworms, and other beneficial fauna. How should it be stored? Store in original packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from direct sunlight and frost. How is it better than synthetic agrochemicals? It enhances long-term soil health, offers sustainable disease control, and avoids issues like pesticide resistance and chemical residues. Related Products Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus azotoformans Bacillus circulans Bacillus pumilus Pseudomonas putida Rhodococcus terrae Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza Williopsis saturnus More Products Resources Read all

Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) forms symbiotic associations with over 80% of terrestrial plants. As a natural source of phosphorus in plants, VAM enhances nutrient uptake, root development, and stress tolerance, reducing fertilizer dependency. < Microbial Species Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) forms symbiotic associations with over 80% of terrestrial plants. As a natural source of phosphorus in plants, VAM enhances nutrient uptake,… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Smith, S.E. & Read, D.J. (2008). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Academic Press. Koide, R.T. (2010). The Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Ecosystem Nutrient Cycling. New Phytologist , 188(1), 128–132. Gianinazzi, S. et al. (2010). Agroecology: The Use of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sustainable Agriculture. Soil Biology & Biochemistry , 42(5), 805–817. Mode of Action Root Colonization : VAM spores germinate and penetrate root cortical cells, forming arbuscules (nutrient exchange sites) and vesicles (storage structures). Hyphal Network Extension : Extraradical hyphae explore soil pores inaccessible to roots, mobilizing phosphorus and micronutrients. Nutrient Exchange : Plants deliver photosynthates (sugars) to fungi in exchange for P, Zn, Cu, and water, optimizing growth. Soil Enhancement : Hyphal glomalin production promotes soil aggregation and long-term carbon sequestration, supporting soil health. Additional Info VAM fungi colonize plant roots, extending external hyphae into the soil to access immobile nutrients—primarily phosphorus—from microniches beyond the root depletion zone. This organic mycorrhizae solution improves soil structure by aggregating particles, increasing water retention, and fostering beneficial microbial communities. VAM inoculation is compatible with diverse cropping systems, including horticultural, field, and greenhouse cultivation. Dosage & Application Soil Drench : Apply 100–200 g of VAM inoculum per m² at transplanting. Seed Coating : Coat 1 kg of seed with 20–30 g inoculum. Root Dip : Dip seedling roots in a slurry of 10 g inoculum per liter of water before transplanting. FAQ What is the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza? Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) refers to a group of symbiotic fungi (Glomeromycota) that colonize plant roots to enhance nutrient and water uptake through specialized structures called arbuscules and vesicles. What are the benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizae? Arbuscular mycorrhizae improve plant health by increasing phosphorus absorption, enhancing drought tolerance, suppressing soil-borne pathogens, and boosting overall biomass and yield. What is the purpose of VAM? The primary purpose of VAM is to facilitate efficient nutrient exchange—especially phosphorus—from soil to plant roots, promoting stronger, more resilient crops with reduced chemical fertilizer requirements. What are the advantages of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae? Advantages include improved nutrient use efficiency, enhanced root architecture, increased soil structure stability, greater resistance to abiotic stresses, and compatibility with organic mycorrhizae management systems. Related Products Bacillus azotoformans More Products Resources Read all

Acetobacter xylinum is a beneficial bacterium known for producing bacterial cellulose, a biopolymer with valuable applications in agriculture. Its presence in soil enhances plant growth and resilience by improving soil structure, increasing moisture retention, and enhancing nutrient availability. These benefits are especially valuable in arid and challenging environments. < Microbial Species Acetobacter xylinum Acetobacter xylinum is a beneficial bacterium known for producing bacterial cellulose, a biopolymer with valuable applications in agriculture. Its presence in soil enhances plant growth… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Stimulates plant growth in dry soil conditions Enhances root development and improves water & nutrient uptake, particularly beneficial in arid regions. Promotes cell division and growth of host plants Influences cytokinin production and supports overall plant growth, resulting in stronger, healthier plants. Regulates host plant defense system against pests and diseases Enhances the plant's natural defense responses, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Accelerates fruit ripening by enhancing Abscisic Acid levels Stimulates the production of Abscisic Acid (ABA) in fruits, leading to faster and more uniform ripening. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Tsouko, E., et al. (2015). Bacterial Cellulose Production from Industrial Waste and By-product Streams. Int. J. Mol. Sci. , 16, 14832-14849. Qureshi, O., et al. (2013). Effect of Phytohormones on Gluconacetobacter xylinus Growth and Cellulose Production. Acetic Acid Bacteria , 2(s1), e7. Li, Z., et al. (2015). Production of Nano Bacterial Cellulose from Industrial Wastewater Using Acetobacter xylinum . Carbohydrate Polymers , 120, 115-119. Çakar, F., et al. (2014). Improvement in Production of Bacterial Cellulose Using Semi-Continuous Process in Molasses Medium . Carbohydrate Polymers , 106, 7-13. Mode of Action Acetobacter xylinum secretes extracellular cellulose nanofibers in the rhizosphere, forming a protective hydrogel matrix that: Enhances soil porosity and aeration Improves moisture retention by up to 40% Facilitates nutrient diffusion to roots Additional Info Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Method Rate Instructions Seed Coating 10 mL per kg of seed Mix gently, air-dry before sowing Root Dip 50 mL per 10 L water Dip seedlings 15 minutes prior to transplant Soil Amendment 2 L/ha diluted in 100 L water Apply at planting and mid-season FAQ What plants need Acetobacter xylinum ? Highly effective for solanaceous crops, cereals, vegetables, and ornamentals. Can you use too much A. xylinum ? Over-application incurs no phytotoxicity but offers no additional benefit; follow recommended rates. What improvements does cellulose hydrogel provide? Enhanced moisture buffering, root protection, and sustained nutrient availability, leading to uniform germination and stronger establishment. Related Products Azospirillum brasilense Azospirillum lipoferum Azospirillum spp. Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerinckia indica Bradyrhizobium elkanii Bradyrhizobium japonicum Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus More Products Resources Read all

Effective TH Derma plant protection from Indogulf BioAg. Organic, certified solution for plant health and pest control. Trusted by growers globally. < Plant Protect Th-Derma Bio fungicide with Trichoderma Harzianum (2 x 10⁶ CFU/g) that controls damping-off and root rot. Free from contamination, with 12-month shelf life. Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Improved Plant Growth and Nutrition Th-Derma enhances shoot and root growth, solubilizes insoluble phosphates, and augments nitrogen fixation, leading to improved overall plant health and nutrient uptake efficiency. Effective Nematode Management The toxins produced by Trichoderma harzianum act as nematicides, effectively controlling nematode populations in the soil. Enhanced Disease Resistance Trichoderma Harzianum competes with pathogens in the rhizosphere, reducing disease development by suppressing their growth. Natural Pest Control It produces antibiotics, toxins, and enzymes like chitinase, glucanase, and pectinase, which directly combat pathogens and pests through mycoparasitism. Components Trichoderma Harzianum – 2 x 10 ⁶ CFU/g Composition Dosage & Application Key Benefits FAQ Additional Info Additional Info Composition Trichoderma Harzianum – 2 x 10⁶ CFU / Gm Indications Controls fungal diseases such as Fruit rot caused by Botrytis spp and other pathogens affecting crops. Effective against nematodes like Root knot nematodes and Remiform. Specific Applications Banana, Cotton : Pathogenic fungi, seed-borne diseases. Cabbage, Chillies, Marigold, Paddy : Collar rot, damping off, pathogenic fungi, root rot, wilt. Cauliflower : Collar rot, damping off, root rot, wilt. Citrus, Grapes, Ginger, Groundnut, Ornamental flowers, Pepper, Pomegranate, Tea, Tomato, Turmeric : Pathogenic fungi. Jowar, Okra, Sunflower, Pulses, Wheat : Seed-borne diseases. Mode of Action Suppresses pathogen growth in the rhizosphere through competition. Produces antibiotics and toxins that directly affect other organisms. Hyphae of Trichoderma either grow alongside host hyphae or coil around them, secreting lytic enzymes like chitinase, glucanase, and pectinase involved in mycoparasitism. Produces nematicidal toxins effective against nematodes, promoting germination and enhancing shoot and root length. Also solubilizes insoluble phosphates and augments nitrogen fixation. Shelf Life & Packaging Storage: Store in a cool, dry place at room temperature Shelf Life: 24 months from the date of manufacture at room temperature Packaging: 1 kg pouch FAQ Content coming soon! Key Benefits Content coming soon! Dosage & Application Foliar Application : Mix 10g of TH-DERMA powder in sufficient water for foliar spray. Adjust spray volume based on crop canopy. Soil Application : Mix 50 kg of TH-DERMA powder with organic fertilizer, apply to the root zone of plants in 1 acre of land. Root Dipping (Nursery Application) : Mix 10g of TH-DERMA with 1 liter of water, use to dip plant roots overnight. Recommended dosage is for guideline purpose only. More effective application rates may exist depending on specific circumstances. Related Products Trichoderma viride Beauveria bassiana Bloom Up Flyban Insecta Repel Larvicare Mealycare Metarhzium Anisopliae More Products Resources Read all

Lactobacillus plantarum is a facultative heterofermentative bacterium with diverse applications in health, agriculture, food technology, and biotechnology. Known for its probiotic properties, it enhances gut health by modulating the microbiome, strengthening the intestinal barrier, and producing antimicrobial compounds that inhibit pathogens. In food systems, it drives fermentation processes, producing lactic acid and bioactive metabolites that preserve food and enhance nutritional value, including B vitamins and antioxidants. In agriculture, L. plantarum offers significant benefits by controlling bacterial plant diseases, enhancing seed germination and seedling growth, improving root development, and inducing plant defense mechanisms. It supports plant growth by improving nutrient availability, enriching soil microbiota, and suppressing phytopathogens through the production of organic acids and antimicrobial peptides. Its genetic adaptability and metabolic versatility also make it valuable for enzyme production, metabolic engineering, and bioremediation, highlighting its role in sustainable health, agriculture, and bioprocessing applications. < Microbial Species Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus plantarum is a facultative heterofermentative bacterium with diverse applications in health, agriculture, food technology, and biotechnology. Known for its probiotic properties, it enhances gut… Show More Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Download Brochure Benefits Acts as a Biofungicide: It suppresses fungal pathogens in plants through competitive exclusion and production of antimicrobial compounds. Boosts Immune Function: This probiotic stimulates antibody production and regulates immune responses in both plants and animals. Promotes Plant Growth: It improves root development and nutrient uptake by acting as a probiotic in the plant rhizosphere. Enhances Gut Health: Lactobacillus plantarum promotes gut health by balancing microbiota and improving nutrient absorption in humans and animals. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action FAQ Scientific References Review Articles: Tripathi, P., & Giri, S. S. (2014). Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum : A review. Indian Journal of Microbiology , 54 (1), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-013-0414-7 Siezen, R. J., Van Hylckama Vlieg, J. E. T., & Hugenholtz, J. (2010). Genomics of lactic acid bacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek , 98 (2), 127-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-010-9440-1 Meng, X., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Chen, W., & Zhang, H. (2020). Health benefits of Lactobacillus plantarum strains from different food sources. Food Science and Human Wellness , 9 (2), 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2020.03.003 Vinderola, C. G., & Holt, P. S. (2021). Lactobacillus plantarum : A versatile platform for delivering health benefits. Microbial Cell Factories , 20 (1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-020-01494-w Research Papers on Specific Modes of Action: Kleerebezem, M., Hugenholtz, J., Van Kranenburg, R., De Vos, W. M., & Siezen, R. J. (2003). The complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 reveals the adaptation to its niche as a flexible starter in food fermentation. Nature Biotechnology , 21 (8), 933-940. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt871 O’Callaghan, A., van Sinderen, D., Vaughan, E. E., & O’Sullivan, G. C. (2013). Lactobacillus plantarum as a model for exploring carbohydrate metabolism and its impact on gut microbiota and host health. Frontiers in Microbiology , 4 , 200. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00200 Choi, C. H., Lee, J. W., & Lee, S. A. (2018). Lactobacillus plantarum K37 modulates the gut microbiota and immune responses in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. Nutrients , 10 (11), 1794. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111794 de Vries, S., Degruttola, F.,ческим, M., & другие. (2020). Comparative genomics of Lactobacillus plantarum strains reveals genetic diversity and adaptation to different ecological niches. Microbial Genomics , 6 (10), e000429. (Link to journal: https://www.microbialgenomics.org/ ). You can search for the article using the DOI once on the page. Song, Y., Zhou, L., Song, X., Gao, H., & Tian, H. (2023). Lactobacillus plantarum : A promising bacterium for food fermentation and human health. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , 107 (5), 1527-1543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12443-z Mode of Action Lactobacillus plantarum exerts its beneficial effects through several key mechanisms: Production of Lactic Acid and Other Antimicrobial Compounds: It ferments sugars to produce lactic acid, which lowers the pH of its environment, inhibiting the growth of many spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. It can also produce other antimicrobial substances like bacteriocins (e.g., plantaricin), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and other organic acids (e.g., acetic acid). Competitive Exclusion: By adhering to and colonizing surfaces such as the intestinal lining or food matrices, L. plantarum competes with harmful microorganisms for essential nutrients and adhesion sites . This competition limits the ability of pathogens to establish and proliferate. Enhancement of Gut Barrier Function: In the gastrointestinal tract, L. plantarum can contribute to the integrity of the intestinal barrier. It can stimulate the production of mucins , which form a protective layer, and enhance the expression of tight junction proteins , which reduce gut permeability and prevent the translocation of harmful substances. Modulation of the Immune System: L. plantarum interacts with the host's immune system. This interaction can involve: Influencing the production of cytokines (signaling molecules that regulate immune responses). Modulating the activity of immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. Contributing to the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. Production of Bioactive Compounds: During its metabolic activity, particularly in fermentation processes, L. plantarum can synthesize various bioactive compounds, including: Vitamins: Such as certain B vitamins and vitamin K. Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): Known for its potential health benefits. Exopolysaccharides (EPS): Complex carbohydrates that can have prebiotic effects and influence gut health. Improvement of Nutrient Digestion and Absorption: L. plantarum possesses a variety of enzymes that can break down complex carbohydrates (e.g., polysaccharides, oligosaccharides), proteins, and fats. This enzymatic activity can enhance the digestion of food and potentially improve the absorption of released nutrients by the host. It can also contribute to the degradation of anti-nutritional factors present in food. Additional Info Target pests: Bacterial canker or blast in kiwifruit, angular leaf spot in strawberry plants, bacterial canker of stone fruit Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation): 1 Acre dose: 10-50 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 25-125 Kg Seasonal Crops: First application: At land preparation stage / sowing / planting. Second application: Three weeks after the first application. Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 10-50 kg, 1 Ha dose: 25 - 125 Kg. Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Seed Dressing: 1 Kg seed: 10 g Lactobacillus plantarum + 10 g crude sugar Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application: 1 Acre dose: 1 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 2.5 Kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation): 1 Acre dose: 10-50 Kg, 1 Ha dose: 25-125 Kg Seasonal Crops: First application: At land preparation stage / sowing / planting. Second application: Three weeks after the first application. Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long duration crops / Orchards / Perennials: 1 Acre dose: 10-50 kg, 1 Ha dose: 25 - 125 Kg. Apply 2 times in 1 Year. Before onset of monsoon and after monsoon. Seed Dressing: 1 Kg seed: 10 g Lactobacillus plantarum + 10 g crude sugar Seed Dressing Method: Mix Lactobacillus plantarum with crude sugar in sufficient water to make a slurry and coat seeds. Dry in shade and sow / broadcast / dibble in the field. Do not store treated / coated seeds for more than 24 hours. Soil Application Method: Mix at recommended doses with compost and apply at early life stages of crop along with other biofertilizers. First application: At land preparation stage / sowing / planting. Second application: Three weeks after the first application. Mix Lactobacillus plantarum at recommended doses in sufficient water and drench soil at early leaf stage / 2-4 leaf stage / early crop life cycle. Drip Irrigation: If there are insoluble particles, filter the solution and add to the drip tank. For long duration crops / Perennial / Orchard crops: Dissolve Lactobacillus plantarum at recommended doses in sufficient water and apply as a drenching spray near the root zone twice a year. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon / rainfall / spring season and the second application after the main monsoon / rainfall / autumn / fall season. FAQ What is Lactobacillus plantarum ? Lactobacillus plantarum is a widespread and versatile species of lactic acid bacteria. It is Gram-positive, rod-shaped, and facultative anaerobic, meaning it can grow with or without oxygen. It's commonly found in various fermented foods (like sauerkraut, pickles, sourdough), the human gastrointestinal tract, and plant surfaces. What are the potential health benefits associated with Lactobacillus plantarum ? Research suggests various potential health benefits, including: Improved digestive health and relief from symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Enhanced immune system function. Reduction in cholesterol levels. Antioxidant activity. Potential anti-inflammatory effects. Improved nutrient absorption. Where can Lactobacillus plantarum be found? It is naturally present in: Fermented foods: Sauerkraut, kimchi, pickles, sourdough bread, some cheeses. The human gastrointestinal tract. Saliva. Plant surfaces. * Dairy products (in some cases, as a probiotic culture). Is Lactobacillus plantarum safe for consumption? Generally, Lactobacillus plantarum is considered safe for consumption and is granted GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. However, individuals with severely compromised immune systems should consult their healthcare provider before consuming large amounts of probiotics. How is Lactobacillus plantarum used in food production? It plays a crucial role in the fermentation of various foods, contributing to their flavor, texture, and preservation by producing lactic acid and other antimicrobial compounds. It is also used as a starter culture in some dairy products and as a probiotic supplement. Related Products Bifidobacterium animalis Bifidobacterium bifidum Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium infantis Bifidobacterium longum Clostridium butyricum Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus bulgaricus More Products Resources Read all

We are Microbial Strains manufacturer & supplier globally registered and certified in several countries including the United States and UK. Organically certified by Indocert. Product Catalogue Filter by Tag – Category 1 2 3 ... 100 1 ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 ... 100