Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Manufacturer & Supplier

AMF

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish mutualistic associations with the roots of approximately 80% of terrestrial plant species. Through an extensive extraradical hyphal network, AMF significantly expand the absorptive surface area of root systems, facilitating enhanced uptake of essential nutrients—particularly phosphorus, nitrogen, and micronutrients—beyond the depletion zones of roots. In addition to nutrient acquisition, AMF play a key role in improving plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity by modulating physiological responses and maintaining water balance.

At the ecosystem level, AMF contribute to soil aggregation and long-term fertility by secreting glomalin and stabilizing soil particles. This symbiosis forms a foundational component of belowground biodiversity and function, offering a biologically-driven pathway to improved plant performance and soil resilience in both natural and managed systems.

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What it is

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophic symbionts that form endophytic associations with the roots of the majority of terrestrial plant species. Taxonomically classified within the phylum Glomeromycota, AMF colonize the root cortex and develop highly specialized intracellular structures—arbuscules, which serve as sites for intensive nutrient exchange, and vesicles, which function in storage and propagation. These structures enable a finely regulated bidirectional transfer: plants supply the fungi with carbohydrates derived from photosynthesis, while AMF enhance the uptake of poorly mobile soil nutrients, particularly phosphorus and micronutrients, thereby supporting host plant growth and development.

Why is it important

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a pivotal role in plant nutrient acquisition, with a particular emphasis on the solubilization and uptake of phosphorus (P), one of the most limiting nutrients in many soils. In addition, AMF facilitate the absorption of key micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), which are essential for various physiological functions in plants. Beyond their role in nutrient mobilization, AMF enhance plant resilience by improving tolerance to abiotic stresses including drought and salinity, as well as offering a degree of protection against soil-borne pathogens through mechanisms such as competitive exclusion and induced systemic resistance.

Structurally, the extensive extraradical hyphal networks of AMF contribute significantly to soil health by promoting the formation of stable soil aggregates and aiding in the retention and stabilization of organic matter. These processes not only support immediate plant productivity but also foster long-term improvements in soil structure, fertility, and ecosystem sustainability.

How it works

Upon successful colonization, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a highly branched extraradical hyphal network that extends well beyond the root depletion zone, substantially increasing the functional absorptive area of the host plant. This network enables the uptake of immobile soil nutrients—particularly phosphorus and trace elements—which are translocated to the root cortex and delivered via arbuscules, the primary site of nutrient exchange. In reciprocation, the plant allocates photosynthetically derived carbohydrates to support fungal metabolism and growth.

Beyond nutrient dynamics, AMF influence plant development and stress physiology by modulating hormonal signaling pathways. Interactions with key phytohormones such as auxins, jasmonates, and abscisic acid affect root system architecture, enhance tolerance to abiotic stresses, and activate defense-related responses. AMF-mediated systemic resistance also contributes to plant protection against soilborne pathogens, reinforcing their value in sustainable agricultural systems and promoting long-term ecosystem stability.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)?

AMF are soil-dwelling fungi that form symbiotic relationships with the roots of most terrestrial plants. They belong to the phylum Glomeromycota and facilitate improved nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus, by extending the root's reach through a network of fine hyphae.

2. How do AMF benefit plant growth?

AMF enhance plant access to essential nutrients—especially phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)—that are otherwise poorly mobile in the soil. They also improve plant tolerance to stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and pathogen attacks.

3. What specialized structures do AMF form within plant roots?

Inside root cortical cells, AMF form arbuscules, which are branched structures where nutrient exchange occurs, and vesicles, which serve as storage structures and propagules.

4. Can AMF improve soil health?

Yes. AMF contribute to soil structure by promoting aggregate formation and organic matter stabilization. Their hyphal networks physically bind soil particles and release glomalin-related compounds that improve long-term soil fertility and resilience.

5. Do AMF help plants deal with environmental stress?

Absolutely. AMF modulate plant hormonal signaling pathways involving auxins, abscisic acid, and jasmonates. These interactions enhance stress tolerance and activate systemic resistance mechanisms against pathogens.

6. Are AMF compatible with all crops?

AMF associate with the majority of crop species, especially those in the families Poaceae (grasses), Fabaceae (legumes), and Solanaceae (nightshades). However, some plant groups, such as members of the Brassicaceae family (e.g., cabbage, mustard), typically do not form associations with AMF.

7. How are AMF applied in commercial agriculture?

AMF are commonly used in the form of biofertilizers or seed coatings. They are applied at planting to establish early root colonization and improve nutrient uptake efficiency, often reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.

8. Are there long-term benefits to using AMF?

Yes. In addition to short-term gains in nutrient efficiency and plant vigor, AMF contribute to building healthier soils, improving plant-soil feedbacks, and supporting sustainable agricultural practices over time.

AMF

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