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Effective against greenhouse whitefly by penetrating their cuticle, disabling or killing them. < Microbial Species Lecanicillium lecanii Effective against greenhouse whitefly by penetrating their cuticle, disabling or killing them. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Long-term efficacy Provides sustainable pest control without inducing resistance in pest populations. Effective mode of action Penetrates insect cuticles to disable and kill nymphs and adults. Environmentally friendly Lecanicillium lecanii is safe for the environment and non-target organisms. High specificity Targets greenhouse whiteflies and various aphid species effectively. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References A mode of action unrelated to conventional insecticide chemistry L. lecanii kills by direct cuticle penetration and internal colonization, not by ingestion or nerve-target toxicity. Ultrastructural work on an infected mealybug showed conidia attaching to the cuticle, germinating, penetrating through appressoria or hyphae, and then progressively destroying the cuticle, trachea, fat body, muscle, Malpighian tubules and nerve ganglion from the inside, with the insect eventually fully colonized by mycelium [3] . Two enzyme families are consistently identified as the tools behind that process: extracellular chitinases, which break down the chitin of the insect cuticle, and proteases, which are described as important virulence factors of entomopathogenic fungi generally [10] . Because this mechanism shares no target site with synthetic insecticide classes, rotating a biological into an insecticide program is a genuinely different mode of action, which is useful for resistance management rather than simply a different molecule acting the same way. Works with sap-feeding pests that are hard to reach with contact chemistry Whiteflies and aphids reproduce quickly and concentrate on leaf undersides and new growth, conditions that favor a living, spreading pathogen able to persist and re-infect on the leaf surface rather than a single contact event. The species has repeatedly ranked as the strongest performer among screened entomopathogenic fungi specifically against green peach aphid and cotton aphid, achieving control values near 100% within days under favorable humidity [2] . Reduced dependence, honestly stated Used within an integrated program, a microbial insecticide can reduce how often broad-spectrum chemistry is needed against whitefly and aphid pressure. What it does not do is remove the need for monitoring or, under high pest pressure or dry conditions, other intervention. Field performance depends on humidity, temperature, coverage, pest life stage and species, and on fungicide residues already present in the spray program — a routine fungicide application can undercut this product's own effectiveness, which is a genuine trade-off growers running mixed spray programs need to plan around [4] . What is not yet supported by the evidence reviewed here No published data specific to L. lecanii and common IPM beneficial insects or predatory mites was located in this research pass (see FAQ 7 and open item 6). We would rather state that gap plainly than imply a "safe for beneficials" claim the evidence does not yet support. Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info What this organism is Lecanicillium lecanii is an entomopathogenic fungus — a fungus whose natural hosts are insects — used as a microbial ingredient in biological insecticide products. It occurs naturally in soil and in insect populations, most commonly infecting soft-bodied, sap-feeding Hemiptera such as whiteflies, aphids, scale insects and mealybugs. A name with a history — read alongside the FAQ below This organism has been published under three names over the past several decades: Verticillium lecanii , Lecanicillium lecanii , and, in current molecular phylogenetic treatments, Akanthomyces lecanii . All three refer to the same fungus; the name changes reflect improving methods for resolving fungal relationships, not a different organism. The taxonomic history is set out in FAQ 1 and FAQ 2 below. IndoGulf BioAg retains the name given in the current approved product specification — Lecanicillium lecanii — consistent with project policy of flagging a taxonomic change rather than silently altering a label; see open item 3. Documented host range Evidence quality varies by pest group. The table below separates strong, direct evidence from weaker or boundary-marked evidence. Pest group Example species studied Evidence Whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) Bemisia tabaci Q-biotype All nymphal instars died following exposure to 1 × 10⁷ conidia/mL; 2nd-instar nymphs were most susceptible (82.22% corrected mortality), followed by 3rd-instar nymphs (75.55%) [1] Aphids (Aphididae) Green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae ), cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii ) A screened strain (41185) achieved control values near 100% within 2–5 days at 25°C / 75% RH, the strongest performer among 12 fungal strains from 6 genera tested [2] Aphids (Aphididae) Citrus black aphid ( Toxoptera aurantii ) Chitinase, a virulence-associated enzyme, was confirmed to drive infection speed and dose response in three L. lecanii strains [5] Aphids (Aphididae) Mustard aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi ) Documented host in studies on plant-volatile effects on fungal pathogenicity [6] Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) Ash mealybug ( Phenacoccus fraxinus ) Full infection sequence documented by electron microscopy, from cuticle attachment through colonization of internal organs [3] Gall thrips (Thysanoptera) Gynaikothrips uzeli Nymphs and adults susceptible; toxicity was substantially higher when the host plant had been pre-treated with a sublethal dose of the insecticide imidacloprid, which suppressed the thrips' humoral immune response [7] Adelgids (Adelgidae) Hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae ) One of several fungal species/isolates screened; in that screen, two Beauveria bassiana isolates and one Metarhizium anisopliae isolate gave significantly higher efficacy against the adelgid than the other isolates tested, illustrating that performance is isolate- and host-specific rather than guaranteed by species identity alone [8] Host range is not unlimited, and L. lecanii is not always the top-performing option even within Hemiptera. In a screen for control of the pink hibiscus mealybug ( Maconellicoccus hirsutus ), L. lecanii and Isaria fumosoroseus isolates grew best at cooler temperatures (15–20°C), but the greatest mortality of the target pest was achieved by Metarhizium anisopliae isolates, which grew best at 25–30°C [9] . Susceptibility and comparative performance have to be established for the specific pest, crop and climate you are targeting, not assumed from the organism's general reputation as an entomopathogen. Why strain identity matters Published work on this species consistently studies named strains — 41185, JMC-01, V3450, Vl6063, Vp28, and others — because performance is not uniform across the species. Chitinase expression level alone measurably changed both the lethal dose and the lethal time of three different L. lecanii strains against the same aphid host [5] . Published results for one strain do not establish the same performance for another; see open item 4 on supplying the production strain designation. Formulation and storage Formulations: wettable powder (1 × 10⁸ CFU/g) and soluble powder (1 × 10⁹ CFU/g and 1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/g) Packaging: tailor-made to customer requirement Shelf life: [SOURCE REQUIRED — the "stable within 1 year" figure used elsewhere on the site needs its own packaging, storage conditions, test method and acceptance limit before it is repeated here; see open item 5] Storage: cool, dry conditions, out of direct sunlight, away from fungicides and disinfectants; do not store prepared spray solution for more than 24 hours Because this is a living organism, storage and transport conditions directly determine how many viable propagules reach the field. Heat, sunlight and contact with fungicide residues during storage or transport all reduce viable counts. Where it fits Lecanicillium lecanii is used as a component of an integrated pest-management program alongside monitoring, cultural practice, and — where appropriate — other control tactics on a resistance-management schedule. It is not positioned as a stand-alone replacement for every insecticide application, and its performance is conditional on humidity, temperature, coverage and pest life stage, as set out above. Dosage & Application Sections drafted: Dosage & Application · Additional Info · Scientific References · Sustainability Advantage · Priority FAQ (9 questions, as requested) Status: DRAFT FOR TECHNICAL AND REGULATORY REVIEW. DO NOT PRINT OR DISTRIBUTE. The current approved market-specific label and registration dossier govern. Dosage & Application Rates below reflect the formulation grades currently listed on the product page (1×10⁸, 1×10⁹ and 1×10¹⁰ CFU/g). Confirm every figure against the current approved market-specific label before publication — see open items 1 and 2. Application rates Formulation Potency Foliar rate Soil application Water volume Frequency Wettable powder 1 × 10⁸ CFU/g 2 kg/acre (5 kg/hectare) 2–5 kg/acre (5–12.5 kg/hectare) Sufficient for full coverage of the infested plant part Two applications per season for long-duration crops (pre- and post-monsoon) Soluble powder 1 × 10⁹ CFU/g 200 g/acre (500 g/hectare) 200–500 g/acre (500 g–1.25 kg/hectare) Sufficient for full coverage of the infested plant part Two applications per season for long-duration crops Soluble powder (high potency) 1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/g Technical powder - Generally not used in the field at this concentration - — — Rates on registered labels are set per market and per crop; the table above is the rate structure currently published on the site, not a substitute for the approved label in your target market. When to apply Lecanicillium lecanii is a living fungus. It has to land on the pest, germinate, and penetrate the cuticle before it does anything — so timing is a decision about pest stage and canopy humidity, not a fixed calendar date. Target the young stages. Susceptibility is not uniform across the pest's life cycle. In whitefly, second-instar nymphs were the most susceptible life stage tested, followed by third-instar nymphs, in a study on Bemisia tabaci Q-biotype [1] . Scout for nymphs and time the first application to when young nymphs are present rather than waiting for visible adult flight activity. Spray into humid conditions, not a dry spell. Every step of infection — conidial attachment, germination, cuticle penetration — is a moisture-dependent process on an exposed leaf surface. Published screening of entomopathogenic fungi for aphid control found the highest virulence of a L. lecanii strain at 75% relative humidity and 25°C, with control values near 100% within two to five days; the same strain still outperformed the other fungi tested at a lower 45% RH, but humidity remained a first-order variable in every trial in that study [2] . Early morning or evening application, when leaf surfaces retain moisture longest, is preferable to a midday spray into low humidity. Match temperature to the biology. L. lecanii is mesophilic, with optimum growth around 25°C and conidial germination reported across a broad 15–30°C range; one screened strain was also able to germinate at 35°C, wider than several other isolates tested in the same study [2] . Very cool or very hot spray windows will slow both germination and pest kill. Do not expect a fast knock-down. Infection is a multi-day process. In an ultrastructural study on the mealybug Phenacoccus fraxinus , conidia had attached and begun penetrating the cuticle by 24 hours, and internal tissues (fat body, trachea, muscle, nerve tissue) were being colonized by 48 hours [3] . Assess results several days after application, not the next day. Repeat applications as monitoring data requires, and follow the biannual (pre- and post-monsoon) pattern shown above for long-duration crops. Mixing and spray preparation Prepare the spray fresh and use it within 24 hours of mixing. Keep the spray tank out of direct sun while mixing and during application; sunlight and desiccation both reduce propagule viability on the leaf surface. Agitate continuously so the suspension does not settle. Treat fungicides as incompatible unless a specific test says otherwise. L. lecanii is a fungus, and it has been documented as highly sensitive to fungicide chemistry. In a 2023 study, wild-type Akanthomyces (Lecanicillium) lecanii strains were sensitive to the triazole fungicide tebuconazole at agriculturally recommended field doses; the authors had to develop UV-mutagenized, fungicide-resistant strains specifically because the wild-type organism was not tolerant of it [4] . This is the single most important compatibility caution on this page — clean the tank of fungicide residues before loading, and do not tank-mix with a fungicide unless it has been tested against the specific product batch. Check spray-water pH, hardness and residual chlorine against the label requirements; chlorinated water can reduce propagule viability in microbial products generally. Coverage Whiteflies and aphids cluster on the underside of leaves and around new growth. Direct the spray at the underside of the canopy and the growing points , not just the top of the plant. Coverage failure — spraying the upper canopy while the pest colonizes leaf undersides — is one of the most common reasons a biological insecticide underperforms in the field. Before scale-up Any rate not printed on a registered label for your market is a starting point for controlled trial design, not a registered label recommendation. Confirm compatibility, viability after mixing, plant safety and performance on a small block before commercial use. Results may vary with pest species, life stage, crop, canopy, climate, application method, water quality and management. Use only in accordance with the current product label and local requirements. FAQ Is Lecanicillium lecanii now called Akanthomyces lecanii ? In current molecular phylogenetic taxonomy, yes, in most published treatments. A 2017 systematic revision of the fungal family Cordycipitaceae, based on multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, resolved competing genus names across this group of insect-associated fungi. The authors proposed retaining nine generic names — including Akanthomyces and Cordyceps — and rejected eight others as synonyms to be absorbed into the retained names [11] . Following that framework, species previously placed in Lecanicillium are now generally referred to under Akanthomyces , and major biomedical and taxonomic databases index " Lecanicillium lecanii " and " Akanthomyces lecanii " as names for the same taxonomic concept. Practical note: naming in applied entomology and the biopesticide trade often lags behind formal mycological revisions by years, and both names remain in active use in the literature and on commercial labels. IndoGulf BioAg retains Lecanicillium lecanii as the name in the current approved product specification. Any change to the name used in labeling or marketing is a regulatory and QA decision, not an editorial one — see open item 3. Is Lecanicillium lecanii the same fungus as Verticillium lecanii ? Yes. Verticillium lecanii (Zimmermann) was the name under which this fungus was known for most of the 20th century. The genus Verticillium , as historically defined, was a large "form genus" that grouped together many fungi later shown by molecular methods not to be closely related to one another. Phylogenetic work on the Verticillium complex — including the studies establishing the close relationship between Verticillium -affiliated taxa and the genus Lecanicillium — supported splitting that form genus into several natural, molecularly-defined groups [12] [13] . The entomopathogenic species formerly known as Verticillium lecanii was moved into the genus Lecanicillium , becoming Lecanicillium lecanii — the same organism, reclassified as molecular evidence clarified true evolutionary relationships. As above, current phylogenetic work places it in Akanthomyces . Which pests can Lecanicillium lecanii control besides greenhouse whitefly? Published evidence covers several groups of soft-bodied, sap-feeding insects beyond greenhouse whitefly: Aphids — green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae ) and cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii ), where a screened strain achieved control values near 100% within days [2] ; also citrus black aphid ( Toxoptera aurantii ) [5] and mustard aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi ) [6] Mealybugs — infection of the ash mealybug ( Phenacoccus fraxinus ) has been documented in detail at the cellular level [3] Gall thrips — Gynaikothrips uzeli nymphs and adults [7] Adelgids — hemlock woolly adelgid, though in that particular screening study other fungal species outperformed the L. lecanii isolates tested [8] Boundary: this is species-level literature across many named strains, crops and geographies, not a claim that IndoGulf BioAg's specific formulation has been trial-tested against every pest listed. See open item 1 on which of these claims a given market's registration will actually support, and open item 4 on strain identity. How does Lecanicillium lecanii infect whiteflies and aphids? By direct penetration of the cuticle, followed by internal colonization — not by ingestion. Electron microscopy of the infection sequence on the mealybug Phenacoccus fraxinus showed conidia adhering to indented grooves and intersegmental folds of the cuticle within 24 hours, then germinating to form germ tubes and appressoria, structures that press into and penetrate the cuticle either directly through hyphae or via specialized penetration pegs. By 48 hours, hyphae had ramified through the body wall and destroyed the cuticle, trachea, fat body, muscle, Malpighian tubules and nerve ganglion; the insect's haemocoel was eventually fully occupied by fungal mycelium, which then grew outward to cover the cadaver [3] . Two enzyme systems drive this process. Chitinases break down chitin in the insect cuticle and are directly linked to virulence: overexpressing chitinase in three different L. lecanii strains measurably lowered both the lethal dose and the lethal time against citrus black aphid [5] , and chitinase activity was shown to correlate significantly with virulence against whitefly in a separate study [10] . Extracellular proteases are described in the same literature as an important virulence factor of entomopathogenic fungi generally, alongside chitinases [10] . Which life stages of whiteflies and aphids are susceptible to Lecanicillium lecanii ? For whitefly, direct data exists on nymphal stages. In a study on Bemisia tabaci Q-biotype, all nymphal instars died following exposure to L. lecanii strain JMC-01 at 1 × 10⁷ conidia/mL, but susceptibility was not uniform: 2nd-instar nymphs were the most susceptible (82.22% corrected cumulative mortality), followed by 3rd-instar nymphs (75.55%) [1] . That same study found measurable disruption of the nymphs' detoxifying and protective enzyme systems (carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase all showed altered activity after infection) and a decline in body water and fat content as infection progressed [1] . For aphids, published efficacy studies report high control values against nymph/adult mixed populations of Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii under favorable conditions [2] but the sources reviewed here do not break control down by aphid instar the way the whitefly study does. Practical implication: scout for and time applications to young nymphal stages where possible, since that is where the strongest documented susceptibility sits for whitefly, and treat aphid life-stage targeting as a reasonable extrapolation rather than a directly demonstrated result until instar-specific aphid data is located. Why is high relative humidity important for Lecanicillium lecanii ? Because every step of infection — conidial attachment, water uptake, germination, and penetration — happens on an exposed leaf surface and depends on moisture. In a controlled screening study, a L. lecanii strain achieved its highest documented virulence against Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii at 25°C and 75% relative humidity, reaching control values near 100% within two to five days. Virulence was still measurable, and comparatively higher than other tested fungal species, at a lower 45% RH across a 20–30°C range, but 75% RH is where the strongest results in that study were recorded [2] . Practical implication: plan applications for periods of naturally higher humidity — early morning, evening, overcast weather, or protected/greenhouse environments where humidity can be managed — rather than the driest part of the day. This is the same limitation that governs most foliar entomopathogenic fungi, and it is worth stating plainly rather than glossing over, consistent with project policy on agronomic variability. Can Lecanicillium lecanii be used in greenhouse IPM programs with beneficial insects? This is an area where the evidence reviewed for this page has a real gap, and we would rather say so than imply a safety claim we cannot support. No published study specific to L. lecanii and the compatibility of common greenhouse biological-control agents — parasitoid wasps such as Encarsia formosa , or predatory mites — was located in this research pass. What can be said from the broader entomopathogenic fungus literature is that these fungi are not inherently selective for a single target pest; they can, in principle, infect other susceptible arthropods that share the same microhabitat and humidity conditions on the leaf surface. Until strain-specific non-target data is available, the defensible position is: confirm compatibility with your specific natural-enemy program under local conditions before relying on both simultaneously , and avoid direct-contact application onto beneficial insect release sites until that has been done. See open item 6. Can fungicides reduce the effectiveness of Lecanicillium lecanii ? Yes, and this is one of the better-documented compatibility risks for this organism. L. lecanii is itself a fungus, and a 2023 study found wild-type strains highly sensitive to the triazole fungicide tebuconazole, to the point that the researchers had to specifically develop UV-mutagenized, laboratory-selected resistant strains to work around that sensitivity; those resistant strains needed separate confirmation that their growth, sporulation, enzyme production and virulence against a target pest (green coffee scale, Coccus viridis ) were unaffected by the resistance-selection process [4] . Practical implication: the standard, unmodified commercial strain should be treated as fungicide-sensitive by default. Do not tank-mix with fungicides, and leave an interval between a fungicide application and a L. lecanii application, unless compatibility has been specifically confirmed for the products and conditions in use. See the Dosage & Application section above and the compatibility statement standard for IndoGulf BioAg products. How is Lecanicillium lecanii different from Beauveria bassiana and other entomopathogenic fungi? They are different genera with overlapping but not identical uses, and neither is universally superior — performance depends heavily on the target pest, strain and environmental conditions. In a screen of 12 fungal strains across 6 genera (including L. lecanii , Beauveria bassiana , Metarhizium anisopliae , Paecilomyces farinosus , Cordyceps scarabaeicola and Nomuraea rileyi ) for control of green peach aphid and cotton aphid, a L. lecanii strain was the strongest performer [2] . In a screen against hemlock woolly adelgid, two B. bassiana isolates and one M. anisopliae isolate significantly outperformed the other fungal isolates tested, including L. lecanii [8] . In a screen against pink hibiscus mealybug, L. lecanii and Isaria fumosoroseus grew best at cooler temperatures (15–20°C), while M. anisopliae grew best at warmer temperatures (25–30°C) and produced the greatest mortality of that specific pest [9] . The practical reading: treat "entomopathogenic fungus" as a mode of action, not a single interchangeable product. L. lecanii has the strongest documented track record among the species reviewed here specifically against whiteflies and aphids under humid conditions; other genera such as Metarhizium and Beauveria have shown comparative advantages against other Hemiptera and in warmer, drier conditions. Selecting the right organism for a given pest and climate is not a detail — it materially changes the result. Sustainability Advantage Related Products Beauveria bassiana Hirsutella thompsonii Isaria fumosorosea Metarhizium anisopliae Nomuraea rileyi More Products Resources Read all

Neem extracts from Azadirachta indica contain Azadirachtin, toxic to pests, acting as antifeedant, repellent, and sterilizer. Organic gardeners use it for pest control. < Microbial Species Neem Extracts from Azadirachta Indica Tree Neem extracts from Azadirachta indica contain Azadirachtin, toxic to pests, acting as antifeedant, repellent, and sterilizer. Organic gardeners use it for pest control. Strength 2500 - 50000ppm Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Environmental Compatibility Neem extracts degrade rapidly, leaving no harmful residues and posing minimal risk to non-target species and ecosystems. Sterilizing Effect on Pests Neem extracts induce sterility in insect pests, reducing their reproductive capabilities and population growth. Insect Repellent Properties Neem extracts, containing Azadirachtin, act as antifeedants and repellents against insect pests, disrupting feeding and reducing infestation. Antifungal Activity Azadirachtin in neem extracts exhibits fungicidal properties, effectively controlling fungal diseases like powdery mildew and leaf rust. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Target pests: Aphids, whiteflies, spider mites, powdery mildew, leaf rust Recommended Crops: Cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds, fibre crops, sugar crops, forage crops, plantation crops, vegetables, fruits, spices, flowers, medicinal crops, aromatic crops, orchards, and ornamentals Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products More Products Resources Read all

Lactobacillus rhamnosus supports gut health, enhances immune function, and helps prevent gastrointestinal infections for better digestive health. < Microbial Species Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lactobacillus rhamnosus supports gut health, enhances immune function, and helps prevent gastrointestinal infections for better digestive health. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Immune System Enhancement It enhances immune function by stimulating the production of antibodies and improving the body’s defense against infections. Digestive Health Support This probiotic promotes a balanced gut microbiota, alleviating symptoms of diarrhea and constipation for improved digestive comfort. Weight Management Support This strain may aid in weight management by influencing fat metabolism and regulating appetite. Vaginal Health Promotion It helps maintain vaginal microbiota balance, reducing the risk of infections and promoting overall reproductive health. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Key Features All microbial strains are characterized using 16S rDNA. All products are non-GMO. No animal-derived materials are used. The typical shelf life is 2 years. All strains are screened in-house using high-throughput screening methods. We can customize manufacturing based on the required strength and dosage. High-resilience strains Stable under a wide pH range Stable under a broad temperature range Stable in the presence of bile salts and acids Do not show antibiotic resistance Packaging Material The product is packaged in a multi-layer, ultra-high barrier foil that is heat-sealed and placed inside a cardboard shipper or plastic drum. Shipping Shipping is available worldwide. Probiotic packages are typically transported in insulated Styrofoam shippers with dry ice to avoid exposure to extreme high temperatures during transit. Support Documentation Certificate of Analysis (COA) Specifications Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Stability studies (18 months) Certifications ISO 9001 ISO 22000 HACCP Halal and Kosher Certification (for Lactobacillus strains) FSSAI Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products Bifidobacterium animalis Bifidobacterium bifidum Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium infantis Bifidobacterium longum Clostridium butyricum Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus bulgaricus More Products Resources Read all

Lactobacillus bulgaricus aids in lactose digestion, promotes gut health, and is commonly used in yogurt production for probiotic benefits. < Microbial Species Lactobacillus bulgaricus Lactobacillus bulgaricus aids in lactose digestion, promotes gut health, and is commonly used in yogurt production for probiotic benefits. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Yogurt Fermentation This probiotic is essential for yogurt production, contributing to its unique flavor, texture, and health benefits. Nutrient Absorption Improvement It aids in the absorption of essential nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, promoting overall health. Digestive Health Enhancement It supports digestive health by improving gut microbiota balance and alleviating symptoms of lactose intolerance. Immune System Support This strain boosts immune function by stimulating the production of immune cells and enhancing the body’s defense against pathogens. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Key Features All microbial strains are characterized using 16S rDNA. All products are non-GMO. No animal-derived materials are used. The typical shelf life is 2 years. All strains are screened in-house using high-throughput screening methods. We can customize manufacturing based on the required strength and dosage. High-resilience strains Stable under a wide pH range Stable under a broad temperature range Stable in the presence of bile salts and acids Do not show antibiotic resistance Packaging Material The product is packaged in a multi-layer, ultra-high barrier foil that is heat-sealed and placed inside a cardboard shipper or plastic drum. Shipping Shipping is available worldwide. Probiotic packages are typically transported in insulated Styrofoam shippers with dry ice to avoid exposure to extreme high temperatures during transit. Support Documentation Certificate of Analysis (COA) Specifications Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Stability studies (18 months) Certifications ISO 9001 ISO 22000 HACCP Halal and Kosher Certification (for Lactobacillus strains) FSSAI Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products Bifidobacterium animalis Bifidobacterium bifidum Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium infantis Bifidobacterium longum Clostridium butyricum Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus casei More Products Resources Read all

Rhodospirillum rubrum is a versatile phototrophic bacterium known for anoxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and carbon cycling. It contributes to soil fertility, degrades pollutants, and produces biohydrogen under specific conditions, making it valuable for ecological research, bioremediation, and renewable energy applications. < Microbial Species Rhodospirillum rubrum Rhodospirillum rubrum is a versatile phototrophic bacterium known for anoxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and carbon cycling. It contributes to soil fertility, degrades pollutants, and produces biohydrogen under specific conditions, making it valuable for ecological research, bioremediation, and renewable energy applications. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Nitrogen Fixation Capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen, enhancing soil fertility and promoting healthy plant growth. Photosynthetic Capability Utilizes light energy for growth, contributing to sustainable biomass production and ecological balance. Organic Pollutant Degradation Effective in degrading various organic contaminants, supporting environmental bioremediation efforts. Hydrogen Production Known for its ability to produce hydrogen gas, making it a promising candidate for renewable energy applications. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Contact us for more details Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bacillus polymyxa Thiobacillus novellus Thiobacillus thiooxidans Alcaligenes denitrificans Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus macerans Citrobacter braakii More Products Resources Read all

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium naturally found in soils worldwide. It is renowned for its specificity and effectiveness in managing lepidopteran pests, particularly during the larval stage. As a biological insecticide, Btk has become a cornerstone of integrated pest management (IPM) and organic agriculture, combining high efficacy with environmental safety. < Microbial Species Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium naturally found in soils worldwide. It is renowned for its specificity and effectiveness in managing lepidopteran pests, particularly during the larval stage. As a biological insecticide, Btk has become a cornerstone of integrated pest management (IPM) and organic agriculture, combining high efficacy with environmental safety. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Compatible with IPM Integrates well with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Environmental Safety Harmless to beneficial insects like bees and other pollinators. Residue-free Leaves no harmful residues on plants or in the environment after application. Targeted Pest Control Targets and effectively controls the larvae of lepidopteran pests such as caterpillars. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Scientific References and Resources Health Canada, PMRA. Btk – Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki Fact Sheet. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Biopesticide Fact Sheet: Bacillus thuringiensis. EPA Biopesticide Registration Information Bacillus thuringiensis: A story of a successful bioinsecticide. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 41(7), 423–431.DOI:10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.02.006 Bacillus thuringiensis: a century of research, development and commercial applications. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 9(3), 283–300.DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00595.x WHO/IPCS (1999). Bacillus thuringiensis. Environmental Health Criteria World Health Organization. Glare, T. R., & O’Callaghan, M. (2000). Bacillus thuringiensis: Biology, Ecology and Safety Mode of Action Btk’s insecticidal action is based on the production of parasporal crystalline inclusions containing Cry and Cyt protein toxins during sporulation. Upon ingestion by susceptible larvae (primarily of the order Lepidoptera), the following steps occur: Solubilization: The alkaline pH of the insect midgut (>9.0) solubilizes the crystal proteins. Activation: Solubilized protoxins are proteolytically cleaved by midgut proteases into active toxins. Receptor Binding: Activated toxins bind to specific receptors (cadherins, aminopeptidases, and alkaline phosphatases) on midgut epithelial cells. Pore Formation: Binding induces membrane insertion and pore formation, disrupting ionic homeostasis. Cell Lysis and Septicemia: Midgut cells lyse, leading to paralysis of the digestive tract. The insect ceases feeding and dies within 24–72 hours, typically from starvation or septicemia caused by opportunistic microbes. This highly selective mode of action ensures that Btk does not affect non-target organisms, including pollinators, predators, or mammals. Additional Info Target Pests Btk is effective against a wide array of lepidopteran pests, such as: Agricultural: Cabbage looper ( Trichoplusia ni ), diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella ), corn earworm ( Helicoverpa zea ), armyworms ( Spodoptera spp. ) Forestry: Gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar ), spruce budworm ( Choristoneura fumiferana ), tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma spp. ) Horticultural: Fruit borers, leafrollers, and cutworms Recommended Crops: Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard greens, kale, and turnips Safety and Environmental Profile Safety and Environmental Profile Human Safety : Non-pathogenic to humans. Btk spores and Cry proteins are inactivated in acidic stomachs. Evaluated for dermal, ocular, and inhalation toxicity with no adverse effects. No reports of endocrine disruption. Non-Target Safety : No toxicity observed in honeybees, fish, birds, amphibians, or mammals. Btk acts only on larval Lepidoptera due to receptor-specific activation. Environmental Fate : Btk spores and toxins degrade under UV exposure and microbial action. Does not bioaccumulate or leach beyond 25 cm in soil. Regulatory and Organic Status Certifications: OMRI-listed; approved for use in EU organic systems. Regulatory Status: Classified as a "Restricted Product" in Canada—requires certified applicator and permit. Similar restricted use classifications apply in EU and U.S. under EPA regulations. Residue Tolerance: Exempt from MRLs (maximum residue limits) due to minimal risk. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 18000 IU per milligram Foliar Application : Dose: 3-5 g/L water 1 Acre dose: 600 g - 1 Kg 1 Ha dose: 1.5 - 2.5 Kg Apply at the early incidence of caterpillar pests. Spray twice at weekly intervals after the first application. Foliar Application Method Foliar application should be performed at the early onset of pest incidence. Follow up with 1-2 additional sprays at weekly intervals. Mix Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Kurstaki at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on foliage, fruit, or plants. Note: Do not store Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Kurstaki solution for more than 24 hours after mixing with water. FAQ What makes Btk more suitable than chemical insecticides for caterpillar control? Btk offers selective toxicity, posing no threat to non-target fauna or humans. It supports beneficial insects and microbial soil health and avoids resistance buildup when rotated effectively. Does Btk affect butterflies? Only the larval (caterpillar) stage is susceptible. To protect non-target caterpillars, timing and location of applications should be carefully managed. Can Btk be used in organic farming? Yes. Btk is certified organic, OMRI-listed, and widely used by organic producers globally. How fast does Btk work? Larvae stop feeding within hours, and mortality occurs in 2–5 days depending on species and exposure. Is it safe to harvest crops after Btk application? Absolutely. Since Btk is non-toxic to humans and degrades rapidly, there is no pre-harvest interval required. Sustainability Advantage Related Products Bacillus popilliae Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Lysinibacillus sphaericus More Products Resources Read all

Paenibacillus azotofixans: Utilized in agricultural practices to promote plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, thus improving soil fertility, especially in various crop fields. < Microbial Species Paenibacillus azotofixans Paenibacillus azotofixans: Utilized in agricultural practices to promote plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, thus improving soil fertility, especially in various crop fields. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Nitrogen Fixation Paenibacillus azotofixans fixes atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which enhances nitrogen availability for plants, supporting their growth and development. Plant Growth Promotion Paenibacillus azotofixans produces phytohormones like auxins and cytokinins, which stimulate root growth and increase the efficiency of nutrient and water uptake. Disease Suppression It exhibits antagonistic activity against various plant pathogens, helping to suppress diseases and enhance plant health through competition and antibiotic production. Phosphate Solubilization It solubilizes phosphate in the soil, making it more accessible to plants, which improves their phosphorus uptake and overall nutrient status. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Molecular Biology and Genetics Genome-Scale Studies: Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of nitrogen fixation in Paenibacillus species has identified over 9,000 differentially expressed genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, energy production, and stress response. These studies provide detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying nitrogen fixation efficiency. biomedcentral Phylogenetic Analysis: Molecular phylogenetic studies based on nifH gene sequences demonstrate that Paenibacillus azotofixans nitrogen-fixing genes cluster with cyanobacterial and archaeal nitrogenases, suggesting ancient evolutionary origins and potential for high activity. journals.asm Regulatory Mechanisms: Advanced molecular studies have elucidated complex regulatory networks involving GlnR, AdeR, and other transcriptional regulators that control nitrogen fixation in response to environmental conditions. microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral+1 Field Performance and Agricultural Applications Multi-Location Trials: Extensive field trials across different climatic zones and soil types consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of Paenibacillus azotofixans for enhancing crop productivity. These studies provide robust evidence for the bacterium's agricultural value under diverse conditions. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Long-Term Sustainability: Research demonstrates that repeated application of Paenibacillus azotofixans maintains soil health and fertility without negative environmental impacts. Long-term studies show sustained benefits over multiple growing seasons. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Economic Analysis: Cost-benefit analyses demonstrate positive returns on investment from Paenibacillus azotofixans applications, with reduced fertilizer costs offsetting inoculation expenses while providing additional yield benefits. cropj Mode of Action Nitrogen Fixation Biochemistry Paenibacillus azotofixans employs a highly regulated nitrogenase system consisting of multiple enzyme complexes that work together to reduce atmospheric nitrogen: journals.asm+1 Oxygen Sensitivity Management: As an obligate anaerobe process, nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase requires oxygen-free conditions. Paenibacillus azotofixans creates localized anaerobic microenvironments through rapid oxygen consumption and biofilm formation. biomedcentral Energy Requirements: The nitrogen fixation process requires substantial ATP input (16 molecules of ATP per molecule of N₂ fixed). Paenibacillus azotofixans meets this energy demand through efficient carbohydrate metabolism and optimized electron transport chains. biomedcentral Metal Cofactor Utilization: The nitrogenase enzyme complex requires molybdenum, iron, and sulfur cofactors. Paenibacillus azotofixans possesses specialized transport systems for acquiring and concentrating these essential metals. biomedcentral Metabolic Integration and Regulation Ammonium Tolerance Mechanisms: Recent research has revealed that certain Paenibacillus species can overcome ammonium inhibition of nitrogen fixation through alanine dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. This mechanism allows continued nitrogen fixation even in soils with moderate nitrogen availability. microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral Carbon-Nitrogen Balance: The bacterium maintains optimal carbon-nitrogen ratios through sophisticated regulatory networks that coordinate nitrogen fixation with carbon metabolism. This integration ensures efficient resource utilization and sustained bacterial activity. journals.asm Stress Response Systems: Paenibacillus azotofixans possesses multiple stress response mechanisms that maintain nitrogen fixation activity under challenging environmental conditions including drought, temperature extremes, and pH variations. microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral Applications in Biofertilizers and Soil Health Management Commercial Biofertilizer Formulations Paenibacillus azotofixans serves as a key component in advanced biofertilizer formulations designed for various agricultural applications: indogulfbioag+1 Multi-Strain Consortiums: Commercial products often combine Paenibacillus azotofixans with complementary bacteria such as phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and biocontrol agents to provide comprehensive plant nutrition and protection. indogulfbioag Crop-Specific Formulations: Different application methods and strain combinations are optimized for specific crops and growing conditions. Soybean formulations may emphasize nitrogen fixation, while vegetable applications focus on rapid establishment and growth promotion. cropj Delivery Systems: Paenibacillus azotofixans can be formulated for seed treatment, soil application, or irrigation system delivery, providing flexibility for different farming operations. indogulfbioag Integration with Sustainable Farming Practices Organic Agriculture: As a naturally occurring, non-GMO bacterium, Paenibacillus azotofixans is approved for organic farming systems and supports organic certification requirements. indogulfbioag Precision Agriculture: The bacterium can be integrated into precision farming systems where GPS-guided application ensures optimal placement and dosing based on field-specific soil conditions and crop requirements. Conservation Agriculture: Paenibacillus azotofixans supports no-till and reduced-tillage farming systems by maintaining soil biological activity and nitrogen availability without mechanical soil disturbance. Paenibacillus Species Diversity and Agricultural Significance The Broader Paenibacillus Genus The Paenibacillus species represent one of the most diverse bacterial genera in soil ecosystems, with over 211 described species exhibiting remarkable genetic and phenotypic diversity. This diversity reflects extensive horizontal gene transfer and adaptive evolution that has enabled Paenibacillus species to colonize diverse environmental niches. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Genomic Diversity: Comparative genomic analyses reveal that Paenibacillus species possess highly variable genome sizes ranging from 3.9 to 10.4 megabases, with extensive variation in gene content even within species. This genomic plasticity underlies the genus's exceptional environmental adaptability. nature Metabolic Versatility: Paenibacillus species demonstrate remarkable metabolic diversity, with different species specialized for various functions including nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, biocontrol, and organic matter decomposition. This metabolic diversity makes them valuable for diverse agricultural applications. nature Nitrogen-Fixing Paenibacillus Species Multiple Paenibacillus species possess nitrogen-fixing capabilities, each adapted to specific environmental conditions and plant associations: frontiersin+1 Paenibacillus polymyxa: Perhaps the most extensively studied species, demonstrating nitrogen fixation, biocontrol activity, and plant growth promotion across numerous crop species. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Paenibacillus borealis: Isolated from forest humus, this species contributes to nitrogen cycling in forest ecosystems and demonstrates potential for forestry applications. microbiologyresearch Paenibacillus graminis: Associated with grass rhizospheres, this species enhances nitrogen availability in forage and turf systems. frontiersin Additional Info Incomplete Section Finalization Paenibacillus azotofixans is recognized for its agricultural significance as a potent nitrogen fixer and plant growth promoter. Modern molecular biology and field-scale studies have validated its benefits for crop nutrition, environmental sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. The bacterium’s versatility and resilience are supported by its diverse regulatory, metabolic, and stress response mechanisms, which make it compatible across a wide range of soil conditions and crop systems. Laboratory Contaminant Significance Paenibacillus species are widely distributed in natural and built environments, including soil, water, and air. Their ability to form spores and survive harsh conditions means they are frequent laboratory contaminants. In clinical and research laboratories, Paenibacillus can be isolated from surfaces, air, gloves, and sample materials—often as part of sterility testing. Several species, including Paenibacillus contaminans, have been specifically described as contaminants during laboratory plate handling. This is particularly relevant in low-biomass environments, as modern sequencing or culture approaches can easily detect spores or cells introduced during sample processing or from ambient air. The high occurrence of Paenibacillus as a contaminant can result in false-positive results, especially in blood cultures, sterile fluids, or low-biomass samples. Proper sample collection, rigorous sterilization, and careful interpretation of culture results are imperative. Contaminants are often identified retrospectively by phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis and may comprise the majority of positive cultures unless clear clinical evidence of infection is present. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+3 Human Pathogenicity Paenibacillus species are generally regarded as environmental and plant-associated bacteria. However, accumulating evidence shows that a subset can act as opportunistic pathogens in humans—particularly in immunocompromised individuals, neonates, or following traumatic injuries. Human infections are rare but increasingly described in clinical case reports and systematic reviews. Several species implicated in human disease include P. alvei, P. thiaminolyticus, P. lautus, P. provencensis, and others. Infections range from wound infections, abscesses, ocular infections, sepsis, meningitis, and, rarely, endocarditis. Pathogenicity is driven by several factors: Spore formation and environmental resilience: Spores remain viable on skin surfaces and within hospital environments, making transmission and infection possible under specific conditions. d-nb+1 Virulence factors: Some Paenibacillus possess genes for thiol-activated cytolysins, proteases, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial compound production. journals.plos+3 Antibiotic resistance: Many isolates demonstrate resistance to multiple antibiotics, particularly penicillins, clindamycin, sulfonamides, and sometimes vancomycin, calling for careful susceptibility testing. pure.psu+4 Clinical Management Recommendations Management of Paenibacillus infections hinges on accurate diagnosis and effective antimicrobial therapy. As precaution, clinicians should: Differentiate true infection from contamination: Always correlate positive cultures with clinical signs (fever, leukocytosis, infection at the site), especially when Paenibacillus is isolated from blood, sterile fluids, or deep wounds. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Empiric and directed antibiotic therapy: Initial therapy is empiric, but due to variable resistance patterns, therapy should be adjusted based on susceptibility testing. Effective options typically include cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, amikacin, rifampicin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin, while resistance to penicillins, clindamycin, and vancomycin can occur. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be used for P. urinalis. droracle+6 Remove or drain infection sources: Surgical removal of infected tissues, foreign bodies, or abscess drainage may be necessary in localized infections. Monitor for complications: Especially in infants, Paenibacillus can cause severe complications like meningitis and hydrocephalus, requiring close monitoring and sometimes neurosurgical intervention. thelancet+2 Follow-up and continuity of care: Persistent infections require long-term medical follow-up and sometimes prolonged antibiotic administration. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1 Current Knowledge of Human Infections Systematic reviews and case series demonstrate that although Paenibacillus species are uncommon human pathogens, the number of species associated with clinical infections is growing. Infection presentations differ notably between adults and infants: Adults: Infections are sporadic, caused by a wide array of species, often present as wound infections, abscesses, or localized sepsis. Central nervous system involvement is rare, and most cases resolve with treatment. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih+2 Infants: Neonatal infections are far more severe, especially with P. thiaminolyticus, and often present as sepsis or meningitis with a high risk of cerebral destruction and hydrocephalus. Mortality rates are notable, and survivors often need surgical intervention for neurological sequelae. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+3 The overall frequency of infection remains low relative to the ubiquity of the genus, indicating that most isolates are contaminants, but vigilance is still warranted for at-risk populations. Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing. Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: Coat 1 kg of seeds with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Paenibacillus Azotofixans and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. Dry the coated seeds in shade before sowing or broadcasting in the field. Seedling Treatment: Dip seedlings into a mixture of 100 grams of Paenibacillus Azotofixans with sufficient water. Soil Treatment: Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Paenibacillus Azotofixans with organic manure or fertilizers. Incorporate into the soil during planting or sowing. Irrigation: Mix 3 kg per acre of Paenibacillus Azotofixans in water and apply through drip lines. FAQ What is the significance of Paenibacillus as a potential laboratory contaminant? Answer: Paenibacillus species are among the most frequently isolated laboratory contaminants, especially in low-biomass and sterile sample environments. Their spores persist in air, on surfaces, and even on personal protective equipment, leading to inadvertent contamination of cultures and clinical specimens. Laboratory contaminants can cause diagnostic confusion, particularly when isolated from blood cultures or sterile sites, given the genus’s environmental prevalence. Recognizing Paenibacillus as a contaminant is vital to prevent misdiagnosis, unnecessary antimicrobial therapy, and misleading research conclusions. Rigorous sample handling and critical assessment of laboratory results are essential in distinguishing contamination from true infection. sciencedirect+4 Can Paenibacillus species exhibit pathogenicity in humans? Answer: Although primarily environmental and plant-associated, certain Paenibacillus species can exhibit pathogenicity in humans, particularly in vulnerable populations such as neonates, immunocompromised individuals, or following trauma. Documented infections include sepsis, wound infection, abscesses, meningitis, endocarditis, ocular infections, and rare systemic disease. Species like P. alvei, P. thiaminolyticus, and P. lautus are increasingly identified as clinical pathogens. In neonates, P. thiaminolyticus is notably associated with severe CNS infections. Virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and spore persistence contribute to pathogenic potential, although true infections remain rare compared to environmental contamination. wwwnc.cdc+9 What are the recommended clinical approaches for managing Paenibacillus infections? Answer: Management is guided by accurate diagnosis and susceptibility-directed antimicrobial therapy. Clinicians should distinguish true infection from laboratory contamination, correlate culture results with clinical findings, and employ targeted treatment. Empiric therapy can include cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, amikacin, levofloxacin, and rifampicin, but resistance to penicillin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and sulfonamides is not uncommon. Susceptibility testing is imperative prior to finalizing antibiotic choice. Additional interventions such as surgical drainage of infected tissues may be necessary. Neonatal and CNS infections require close multidisciplinary management. Long-term monitoring is advised due to the potential for persistent or recurrent infection and post-infectious complications. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+7 What is currently known about human infections caused by Paenibacillus species? Answer: Human Paenibacillus infections, while uncommon, are increasingly recognized in pediatric and adult populations. Infections in adults are sporadic and generally mild, presenting as localized wound infection, abscesses, or sepsis, and most affected individuals recover without severe sequelae. Neonatal infections, especially those due to P. thiaminolyticus, are severe and often complicated by brain injury, hydrocephalus, and require surgical intervention, with notable associated mortality. The rise in documented cases reflects improved detection, growing awareness, and advances in microbiological diagnostics. Nonetheless, the majority of clinical isolates are contaminants rather than true pathogens, highlighting the importance of careful clinical interpretation and management. Ongoing research is elucidating new species, virulence mechanisms, and optimized treatment protocols. sciencedirect+9 Sustainability Advantage Related Products Acetobacter xylinum Azospirillum brasilense Azospirillum lipoferum Azospirillum spp. Azotobacter vinelandii Beijerinckia indica Bradyrhizobium elkanii Bradyrhizobium japonicum More Products Resources Read all

Beauveria bassiana is a beneficial entomopathogenic fungus used as a biological insecticide to effectively control termites, thrips, whiteflies, aphids, beetles, and other pests. Its spores attach to the insect’s exoskeleton, penetrate the body, and proliferate, ultimately leading to pest mortality while preventing resistance development. This eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum pest control and integrates seamlessly into integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Safe for beneficial insects and pollinators, Beauveria bassiana is applied via foliar sprays, soil drenches, and termite baiting, offering sustainable protection in agriculture, greenhouses, and urban pest management < Microbial Species Beauveria bassiana Beauveria bassiana is a beneficial entomopathogenic fungus used as a biological insecticide to effectively control termites, thrips, whiteflies, aphids, beetles, and other pests. Its spores attach to the insect’s exoskeleton, penetrate the body, and proliferate, ultimately leading to pest mortality while preventing resistance development. This eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum pest control and integrates seamlessly into integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Safe for beneficial insects and pollinators, Beauveria bassiana is applied via foliar sprays, soil drenches, and termite baiting, offering sustainable protection in agriculture, greenhouses, and urban pest management Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Environmentally friendly Beauveria bassiana is safe for the environment, biodegradable, and leaves no harmful residues. Effective mode of action Infects insects through their cuticles, colonizing and killing them from within. Long-term efficacy Provides sustainable pest control without inducing pest resistance over time. High specificity Targets a wide range of pests like termites, thrips, and aphids while sparing beneficial insects. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Beauveria bassiana has been extensively studied with over 500 published research papers demonstrating its efficacy against diverse insect pests, with notable studies in Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Biocontrol Science and Technology, and Applied Entomology documenting mortality rates of 80-100% against target species. EPA safety evaluations confirm minimal toxicity to mammals with complete clearance from test animals within 7 days, supporting its registration as a safe biological pesticide. Recent genomic and proteomic research has identified key virulence genes and toxin production mechanisms, advancing strain optimization and formulation improvements for enhanced field efficacy. informaticsjournals+4 Mode of Action Spore Attachment and Penetration : Fungal conidia attach to insect cuticle and produce specialized enzymes (chitinases, proteases, lipases) that degrade the exoskeleton, with appressoria structures providing mechanical pressure for cuticle penetration. www.indogulfbioag.com Biological Pest Control Using Beauveria bassiana: A Natural Solution for Crop Protection in Agriculture Beauveria bassiana is a natural biocontrol agent reducing chemical pesticide use, offering sustainable pest management in agriculture. Internal Colonization : Once inside the hemolymph, fungus produces specialized blastospores that exploit nutrient-rich environment while releasing secondary metabolites including beauvericin, bassianolide, tenellin, and oosporein that disrupt insect physiological processes. www.indogulfbioag.com Biological Pest Control Using Beauveria bassiana: A Natural Solution for Crop Protection in Agriculture Beauveria bassiana is a natural biocontrol agent reducing chemical pesticide use, offering sustainable pest management in agriculture. Host Death and Sporulation : Insect mortality occurs through nutrient depletion and toxin accumulation within 3-14 days, followed by hyphal emergence from cadaver and sporulation for environmental spore dispersal, enabling horizontal transfer to other pest individuals. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects The long-term and excessive usage of pesticides is an enormous burden on the environment, which also increases pest resistance. To overcome this problem, research and application of entomopathogenic fungi, which are both environmentally friendly and ... Additional Info IndoGulf BioAg: Leading Manufacturer and Exporter of Beauveria bassiana IndoGulf BioAg is a premier manufacturer and exporter of Beauveria bassiana , an entomopathogenic fungus widely recognized for its effectiveness as a biological insecticide. Our specially formulated Beauveria bassiana products provide an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides, ensuring effective pest control across various agricultural systems. Target Pests Our Beauveria bassiana formulations effectively combat a wide range of insect pests, including: Termites Thrips Whiteflies Aphids Rice Leaf Folder Helicoverpa armigera Spodoptera litura Loopers Bunch Caterpillars Leaf-Eating Caterpillars Mealy Bugs Coffee Berry Borers Fruit Borers (Brinjal, Tomato, Chili, and Vegetables) Cotton Bollworm Root Grubs Surface-Living Larvae and Nymphs These pests can cause severe damage to a variety of crops, and our Beauveria bassiana solutions offer an effective method of controlling their populations while promoting environmental sustainability. Recommended Crops Our Beauveria bassiana products are suitable for use on a diverse range of crops, including: Cereals and Millets Pulses Oilseeds Fiber Crops Sugar Crops Forage Crops Plantation Crops Vegetables Fruits Spices Flowers Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Orchards Ornamentals This broad-spectrum applicability supports integrated pest management strategies across various farming practices. Compatibility Our Beauveria bassiana formulations are compatible with several agricultural inputs, including: Bio-Pesticides Bio-Fertilizers Plant Growth Hormones However, they are not compatible with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides , as these can adversely impact the viability and effectiveness of the fungal spores. Enhanced Stability Solutions We offer advanced stabilization techniques to improve product shelf life and performance: Multilayered Encapsulation Techniques – Enhances stability but may result in increased pricing. Incorporation of Antioxidants & Oxygen Removers – Further extends shelf life and potency. Extended Shelf Life – Under optimal conditions (5°C to 25°C), all our Beauveria bassiana species remain stable for up to 18 months post-manufacturing. Packaging Options We provide customizable packaging solutions to cater to specific customer needs, ensuring convenience and suitability for various application requirements. Why Choose IndoGulf BioAg? Eco-Friendly Alternative – Reduces reliance on chemical pesticides. Sustainable Agriculture – Promotes biodiversity and minimizes chemical residues. Broad Pest Control Spectrum – Targets a wide variety of insect pests. Versatile Applications – Suitable for multiple crops and farming systems. Dosage & Application Wettable Powder: 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) : 1 Acre dose: 2-5 kg 1 Ha dose: 5-12.5 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 2-5 kg 1 Ha dose: 5-12.5 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Foliar Application for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 2 kg 1 Ha dose: 5 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Soluble Powder: 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram Foliar Application : 1 Acre dose: 200 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) : 1 Acre dose: 200-500 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g - 1.25 kg Soil Application (Soil drench or Drip irrigation) for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 200-500 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g - 1.25 kg Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Foliar Application for Long Duration Crops / Orchards / Perennials : 1 Acre dose: 200 g 1 Ha dose: 500 g Apply 2 times a year: before onset of monsoon and after monsoon Application Methods Soil Application Method : Mix Beauveria Bassiana at recommended doses with compost and apply at early life stages of crop along with other biofertilizers. Mix Beauveria Bassiana at recommended doses in sufficient water and drench soil at early insect emergence stage. Drip Irrigation : If there are insoluble particles, filter the solution and add to drip tank. Long Duration Crops / Perennial / Orchard Crops : Dissolve Beauveria Bassiana at recommended doses in sufficient water and apply as a drenching spray near the root zone during the off-season, twice a year. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Foliar Application Method : Mix Beauveria Bassiana at recommended doses in sufficient water and spray on soil during the off-season. Apply twice a year for long-duration crops. It is recommended to have the first application before the onset of the main monsoon/rainfall/spring season and the second application after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season. Note : Do not store Beauveria Bassiana solution for more than 24 hours after mixing in water. FAQ What is Beauveria bassiana used for? Beauveria bassiana is used as a biological insecticide for controlling over 200 insect pest species including aphids, whiteflies, thrips, caterpillars, beetles, termites, and soil grubs across cereals, vegetables, fruits, and ornamental crops, providing eco-friendly pest management in integrated pest management systems. View more in details . What disease is caused by Beauveria bassiana? Beauveria bassiana does not cause disease in plants. Instead, it causes mycosis (fungal infection) in target insect pests. The fungus penetrates the insect cuticle and proliferates within the hemolymph, producing secondary metabolites (beauvericin, bassianolide, tenellin, and oosporein) that disrupt insect physiological processes, leading to insect death within 3-14 days. This pathogenic effect is species-specific to insects and poses no threat to plant health. What does Beauveria bassiana kill? Beauveria bassiana effectively targets a broad spectrum of insect pests, including: Aphids, Rice Leaf Folder, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, Loopers, Bunch Caterpillars, Leaf-Eating Caterpillars, Mealy Bugs, Coffee Berry Borers, Fruit Borers (Brinjal, Tomato, Chili, and Vegetables), Cotton Bollworm, Root Grubs, Surface-Living Larvae and Nymphs, Termites, Thrips, Whiteflies, and Beetles. Research demonstrates mortality rates of 80-100% against target species under field conditions. View more in details here: what does Beauveria bassiana kill ? When to apply Beauveria bassiana? Timing depends on crop type: Annual Crops : Apply at early insect emergence stage or during peak pest activity Long Duration Crops / Perennials / Orchards : Apply twice yearly - before the onset of monsoon/rainfall/spring season and after the main monsoon/rainfall/autumn/fall season Preventive Applications : Mix with compost and apply at early life stages of the crop Optimal Conditions : Apply in cool, humid conditions (early morning or late evening) for best spore viability and adhesion to target pests View more in details about when to apply Beauveria Bassiana ? How to use Beauveria bassiana for plants? Beauveria bassiana can be applied using multiple methods: Foliar Application (Spray on leaves): Wettable Powder (1×10⁸ CFU/g): Mix 2 kg per acre (5 kg/ha) in sufficient water Soluble Powder (1×10⁹ CFU/g): Mix 200 g per acre (500 g/ha) in sufficient water Spray thoroughly to ensure coverage of affected foliage Do not store solution for more than 24 hours after mixing Soil Application (Drench): Wettable Powder: 2-5 kg per acre (5-12.5 kg/ha) Soluble Powder: 200-500 g per acre (500 g-1.25 kg/ha) Mix with sufficient water and drench soil at early insect emergence stage For long-duration crops, apply near the root zone during off-season Drip Irrigation: Filter the solution if there are insoluble particles Add to drip tank at recommended doses Ensures uniform distribution and soil colonization Compatibility Tip: Beauveria bassiana is compatible with bio-pesticides, bio-fertilizers, and plant growth hormones but NOT compatible with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. View more info: How to use Beauveria bassiana for plants ? Can Beauveria bassiana infect humans? Beauveria bassiana poses minimal risk to humans with EPA toxicity studies showing no pathogenicity in mammals, though rare opportunistic infections in severely immunocompromised patients have been reported; manufacturing personnel surveillance since 2008 shows no infectivity or sensitization effects, making it safe for agricultural workers when proper protective equipment is used. Get detailled information about Can Beauveria bassiana infect humans . Is Beauveria bassiana safe for bees? Research indicates Beauveria bassiana has minimal impact on honey bees with mortality rates considered negligible in field studies, though some sublethal effects including altered cuticular profiles and moderate brood mortality have been observed at high exposure levels; it can be applied to non-bee attractive plants without significant colony risks. Is Beauveria bassiana effective against bed bugs? Beauveria bassiana demonstrates high efficacy against bed bugs with commercial formulations like Aprehend achieving 80-100% mortality within 7-14 days, effectively penetrating pyrethroid-resistant populations through contact exposure, with horizontal transfer capabilities spreading infection throughout bed bug aggregations for enhanced population control. How to apply Beauveria bassiana? Apply spores directly to crops using spraying methods. Ensure even coverage on foliage for effective pest control. What is Beauveria bassiana used for? It is used as a biological insecticide to control termites, thrips, whiteflies, aphids, beetles, and other pests. How long does Beauveria bassiana take to work? It typically kills insects within 3–14 days after infection, depending on pest and environmental conditions. Can Beauveria bassiana be used indoors? Yes, it can be applied indoors in controlled environments for pest management. What insects does Beauveria bassiana target? It targets termites, thrips, aphids, whiteflies, beetles, and other similar insect pests. What are commercial applications of Beauveria bassiana? Used in agriculture for eco-friendly pest control, reducing chemical pesticide usage and supporting sustainable farming. View more in details . What are the benefits of Beauveria bassiana? Environmentally friendly, biodegradable, specific to pests, effective long-term, and safe for humans and beneficial insects. Get more information about major benefits of Beauveria bassiana . How to use Beauveria bassiana for insect management? Spores attach to insect cuticles, penetrate, colonize internally, release toxins, and eventually kill the pest. What are the role of Beauveria bassiana in integrated pest management? It provides targeted, sustainable pest control, reducing chemical pesticide reliance and supporting IPM programs. Visit here to know about its biological pest control . 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Lactobacillus reuteri promotes digestive health, supports immune function, and may reduce colic in infants, improving overall comfort. < Microbial Species Lactobacillus reuteri Lactobacillus reuteri promotes digestive health, supports immune function, and may reduce colic in infants, improving overall comfort. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Immune System Support It boosts immune function by increasing the production of antibodies and enhancing the body's defense against pathogens. Digestive Health Enhancement This probiotic supports gut health by promoting a balanced microbiota and alleviating symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort. Antimicrobial Properties It produces substances that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, contributing to a healthier gut environment. Colic Relief in Infants This strain has been shown to alleviate colic symptoms in infants, promoting better digestive comfort. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Content coming soon! Mode of Action Content coming soon! Additional Info Key Features All microbial strains are characterized using 16S rDNA. All products are non-GMO. No animal-derived materials are used. The typical shelf life is 2 years. All strains are screened in-house using high-throughput screening methods. We can customize manufacturing based on the required strength and dosage. High-resilience strains Stable under a wide pH range Stable under a broad temperature range Stable in the presence of bile salts and acids Do not show antibiotic resistance Packaging Material The product is packaged in a multi-layer, ultra-high barrier foil that is heat-sealed and placed inside a cardboard shipper or plastic drum. Shipping Shipping is available worldwide. Probiotic packages are typically transported in insulated Styrofoam shippers with dry ice to avoid exposure to extreme high temperatures during transit. Support Documentation Certificate of Analysis (COA) Specifications Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Stability studies (18 months) Certifications ISO 9001 ISO 22000 HACCP Halal and Kosher Certification (for Lactobacillus strains) FSSAI Dosage & Application Contact us for more details FAQ Content coming soon! Sustainability Advantage Related Products Bifidobacterium animalis Bifidobacterium bifidum Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium infantis Bifidobacterium longum Clostridium butyricum Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus bulgaricus More Products Resources Read all

As a versatile free-living diazotroph, Beijerinckia indica can sustainably supplement up to 40% of nitrogen fertilizer requirements, improve soil health, and enhance crop resilience across diverse agroecosystems. < Microbial Species Beijerinckia indica As a versatile free-living diazotroph, Beijerinckia indica can sustainably supplement up to 40% of nitrogen fertilizer requirements, improve soil health, and enhance crop resilience across diverse agroecosystems. Strength 1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram Product Enquiry Buy this species Download Brochure Benefits Plant Growth Promotion It produces growth-promoting substances like phytohormones and siderophores, which stimulate plant growth, nutrient uptake, and overall health. Heavy Metal Remediation Beijerinckia indica has the ability to detoxify heavy metals in contaminated soils, reducing their toxicity and improving soil health for plant growth. Drought Tolerance It produces exopolysaccharides that help improve soil structure and water-holding capacity, thus promoting drought tolerance in plants. Nitrogen Fixation Beijerinckia indica fixes atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, contributing to soil fertility and enhancing plant growth without the need for nitrogen fertilizers. Dosage & Application Additional Info Scientific References Mode of Action Sustainability Advantage FAQ Scientific References Case Studies and Trials Ultisol Sugarcane, India: Biomass N uptake matched 120 kg N/ha synthetic regimen; soil N increased by 15 kg N/ha post-harvest. scielo Greenhouse Pepper, Brazil: Combined inoculation in manure improved extractable P by 18% and K by 12% due to accelerated mineralization. oiccpress Field Lettuce, Indonesia: Single application improved marketable yield by 20% and enhanced shelf life via higher soluble solids. Integration into Crop Management Incorporate B. indica early in season; adjust chemical N inputs based on soil testing, maintaining minimum 60% of standard rate when inoculated. Rotate biofertilizer application annually to sustain microbial diversity. Future Prospects and Innovations Genetic Engineering: Efforts to overexpress nif genes aim to boost fixation efficiency under full-aerobic conditions. Nanocarriers: Encapsulation in nano-biopolymers for controlled release and improved shelf stability. Consortia Development: Blends with mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria for multi-nutrient biofertilizers. Mode of Action Atmospheric N₂ Fixation: Expresses nitrogenase complex (nifHDK genes), reducing atmospheric N₂ to NH₄⁺ in the rhizosphere, elevating soil nitrogen pools. Phytohormone Production: Synthesizes indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 10–20 µg/mL, stimulating lateral root initiation and root hair elongation for improved nutrient uptake. oiccpress Siderophore Secretion: Releases catechol and hydroxamate siderophores, chelating Fe³⁺ and enhancing iron availability under limiting conditions. Synergistic Interactions: Co-inoculation with fungi (e.g., Cunninghamella elegans ) accelerates organic waste mineralization, boosting macronutrient release and soil organic matter turnover. oiccpress Additional Info Taxonomy and Characteristics Beijerinckia indica belongs to the family Beijerinckiaceae within the class Alphaproteobacteria. It presents as Gram-negative, rod-shaped cells (0.8–1.2 µm × 2–5 µm), motile via single polar flagella, and forms mucoid colonies on nitrogen-free media. Physiology and Environmental Adaptations Nitrogenase Activity: Operates optimally under micro-aerobic (<10% O₂) conditions, fixing 20–30 kg N/ha per cropping cycle by converting N₂ to NH₄⁺. jurnal.unipar+1 pH Tolerance: Maintains activity from pH 3.0 to 8.0, with acid-stable nitrogenase variants performing down to pH 3.0 in acidic soils. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih Carbon Utilization: Utilizes C₁ compounds (e.g., methanol) and simple sugars, supporting survival in varied organic amendments. Stress Resistance: Produces compatible solutes (e.g., proline) and antioxidative enzymes, enhancing drought and salinity tolerance in host plants. Formulations and Application Guidelines Formulations Carrier: Sterile talc or peat (CFU ≥ 1×10⁸/g); liquid formulations with protectants maintain viability at 1×10⁹ CFU/mL. Co-formulations: Compatible with other biofertilizers (e.g., Azospirillum, Rhizobium); avoid broad-spectrum fungicides. Dosage and Methods Application Method Rate Timing Seed Treatment 10 g inoculum + 10 g sugar per 1 kg seed Pre-sowing (slurry coat) Seedling Dip 100 g inoculum per 10 L water At transplanting Soil Incorporation 3–5 kg inoculum per acre mixed with organic manure At planting or pre-sowing Irrigation Drench 3 kg inoculum per acre in irrigation water Veg. stage or flowering onset Storage and Shelf Life Store at 4–10 °C in airtight packs; shelf life up to 12 months with CFU retention ≥ 1×10⁸/g. Protect from UV exposure and moisture. Recommended Crops Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals. Dosage & Application Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: Coat 1 kg of seeds with a slurry mixture of 10 g of Beijerinckia Indica and 10 g of crude sugar in sufficient water. Dry the coated seeds in shade before sowing or broadcasting in the field. Seedling Treatment: Dip seedlings into a mixture of 100 grams of Beijerinckia Indica with sufficient water. Soil Treatment: Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Beijerinckia Indica with organic manure or fertilizers. Incorporate into the soil during planting or sowing. Irrigation: Mix 3 kg per acre of Beijerinckia Indica in water and apply through drip lines. FAQ Which crops see greatest response? Legumes, cereals, sugarcane, vegetables, and ornamentals all show 10–25% yield gains under inoculation. How soon after application are effects measurable? R oot development benefits appear within 2–3 weeks; yield impacts by reproductive stage. Is co-application with chemical fertilizers possible? Yes—apply B. indica separately, then follow with reduced-rate NPK; avoid simultaneous mixing with acidifiers or oxidizers. What regulatory approvals exist? Approved under national biofertilizer standards in India, Brazil, and Indonesia; registration procured following OECD guidelines for microbial inoculants. 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