Corynebacterium spp.
Corynebacterium spp. solubilizes soil manganese, enhancing plant uptake and activating plant immunity against pests and diseases. It promotes growth, root development, and improves soil aeration.
Strength
1 x 10⁸ CFU per gram / 1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram
Benefits
Improves soil aeration
Enhances the porosity and oxygen availability in soil, promoting healthier root systems.
Solubilizes manganese content in the soil, making it available for plant utilization
Enhances nutrient uptake and supports plant growth in manganese-deficient soils.
Compatible with bio pesticides, bio fertilizers, and plant growth hormones
Integrates seamlessly with organic farming practices, fostering sustainable agricultural solutions.
Promotes plant growth and activates the plant immune system against pests and diseases
Supports robust plant development and enhances natural defense mechanisms.
Scientific References
Li, T., et al. (2013). Enhanced phosphorus and nitrogen uptake in maize through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation combined with earthworms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 65, 15-23.indogulfbioag
Ijaz, A., et al. (2021). Manganese solubilization efficiency and plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains. Plant and Soil, 462(1-2), 45-62.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih
Wang, Y., et al. (2025). Corynebacterium-mediated cadmium retention and soil enzyme activity enhancement under heavy metal stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 32(4), 1124-1138.indogulfbioag
Siddikee, M.A., et al. (2010). Halotolerant Actinobacteria with ACC deaminase activities promoting canola plant growth under salt stress conditions. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 87(4), 1479-1489.frontiersin
Mumtaz, M.Z., et al. (2017). Zinc solubilization and plant growth promotion characteristics of rhizobacterial strains. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63(8), 1122-1134.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih
Sanket, A.S., et al. (2017). Manganese solubilizing bacteria: A comprehensive approach for enhanced bioavailability of manganese in soil-plant systems. Microbial Ecology, 74(3), 678-689.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih
Adeyemi, N.O., et al. (2021). Manganese solubilizing Bacillus spp. improve plant growth and manganese uptake in maize under metal stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 745293.pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih
Ahemad, M., & Khan, M.S. (2012). Effect of pesticides on plant growth promoting traits of greengram-symbiont Bradyrhizobium sp. strain MRM6. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88(3), 384-389.jksus
Mode of Action
Manganese Solubilization Mechanism \Corynebacterium spp. employs multiple biochemical pathways to convert insoluble manganese compounds into plant-available forms. The bacteria produce various organic acids including gluconic acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid. These acids lower the local pH around the bacterial cells, facilitating the dissolution of insoluble manganese oxides (MnO₂) and other manganese-containing minerals. The process involves both direct acidification and chelation mechanisms. indogulfbioag+1
Plant Growth Promotion Pathways \The bacteria synthesize and secrete indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a key plant hormone that stimulates root development and cell elongation. Additionally, Corynebacterium spp. produces 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which regulates ethylene levels in plants by cleaving ACC (the immediate precursor of ethylene) into ammonia and α-ketobutyrate. This enzymatic activity reduces stress-induced ethylene production, allowing for enhanced plant growth under various environmental stresses. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2
Nutrient Mobilization and Uptake Enhancement \Beyond manganese, Corynebacterium spp. enhances the availability of other essential micronutrients through siderophore production and phosphate solubilization activities. The bacteria form beneficial associations in the rhizosphere, creating an extensive network that improves nutrient uptake efficiency and root surface area contact with soil nutrients. mdpi+2
Biocontrol and Disease Suppression \The bacteria produces antimicrobial compounds and competes with soil-borne pathogens for nutrients and ecological niches. This competitive exclusion, combined with the induction of systemic resistance in plants, provides natural protection against various plant diseases. The enhanced plant immunity results from the activation of defense-related enzymes and the accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+2
Soil Structure Improvement
Corynebacterium spp. produces exopolysaccharides that act as soil binding agents, improving soil aggregation and creating better soil structure. This enhanced soil architecture promotes better water infiltration, air circulation, and root penetration, creating an optimal growing environment for plants. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1
Additional Info
Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals.
Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides.
Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing.
Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements.
Dosage & Application
Seed Coating/Seed Treatment: Prepare a mixture of 10 - 15 grams of Corynebacterium Spp. in a sufficient amount of water to create a slurry. Coat 1 kg of seeds with this mixture, dry them in shade, and they will be ready to use in the field.
Seedling Treatment: Prepare a mixture of 100 grams of Corynebacterium Spp. in a sufficient amount of water. Dip the roots of the seedlings into the solution for 30 minutes before planting.
Soil Treatment: Mix 2.5 - 5 kg per hectare of Corynebacterium Spp. with organic manure or organic fertilizers. Incorporate this mixture into the soil at the time of planting or sowing.
Irrigation: Mix 2.5 - 5 kg per hectare of Corynebacterium Spp. in a sufficient amount of water. Apply this mixture through drenching or drip irrigation to penetrate the root zones.
FAQ
What is the primary function of Corynebacterium spp. in agriculture?
Corynebacterium spp. primarily functions as a manganese-solubilizing bacterium that converts insoluble manganese compounds in soil into forms readily available for plant uptake, while also promoting overall plant growth and enhancing disease resistance. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1
How does Corynebacterium spp. improve plant immunity?
The bacteria activates the plant's natural defense systems by inducing systemic resistance mechanisms and producing antimicrobial compounds that suppress soil-borne pathogens. This biocontrol effect reduces the need for chemical pesticides. mdpi+1
Is Corynebacterium spp. safe for organic farming?
Yes, Corynebacterium spp. is completely natural and safe for organic farming practices. It supports sustainable agriculture by reducing dependence on chemical inputs while improving soil health and plant nutrition. sciencedirect+1
What crops benefit most from Corynebacterium spp. inoculation?
All major crop categories benefit, including cereals, legumes, vegetables, fruits, and plantation crops. The bacteria is particularly effective in manganese-deficient soils and areas with high disease pressure. indogulfbioag+1
How long does Corynebacterium spp. remain active in soil?
The bacteria establishes a persistent population in the rhizosphere and can remain active for several months, providing continuous benefits throughout the growing season. Regular applications enhance long-term soil health and microbial diversity. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1
Can Corynebacterium spp. be combined with other biofertilizers?
Yes, it works synergistically with other beneficial microorganisms including mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to create a comprehensive soil health management system. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih+1
What are the storage requirements for Corynebacterium spp.?
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain bacterial viability. The product should be used within the specified shelf life and mixed fresh for each application to ensure maximum effectiveness.
