Thiobacillus thiooxidans
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans is a potent sulfur-oxidizing bacterium that enhances soil sulfur availability, drives bioleaching of metals, and contributes to wastewater and sludge treatment, supporting sustainable…
Strength
1 x 10⁹ CFU per gram / 1 x 10¹⁰ CFU per gram
Benefits
Sulfur Solubilization for Nutrient Access: Effectively solubilizes sulfur compounds in soil, enhancing sulfur availability for crops and improving their growth potential.
Improved Soil Fertility: Contributes to soil fertility by promoting the cycling of nutrients, leading to healthier crops and increased agricultural productivity.
Support for Sustainable Agriculture: Encourages sustainable farming practices by reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and promoting natural soil enrichment through microbial action.
Bioremediation of Polluted Sites: Plays a key role in bioremediation by degrading toxic substances in contaminated soils, thus aiding environmental restoration efforts.
Scientific References
Co-application with polysulfide pellets improved soil sulfate by 28% over controls.
Phosphate rock solubilization protocol yielded 45 mg P/L after recovery phase.
Chromium bioleaching from tannery sludge achieved 97.1% removal with co-culture of A. thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans.
Genomic analysis reveals multiple HDR-like and Sox operons enabling robust sulfur metabolism under extreme conditions. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih
Mode of Action
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans employs a multi-enzyme network to oxidize reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs) into sulfate:
Elemental Sulfur Oxidation: Sulfur dioxygenase (SDO) and sulfur oxygenase reductase (SOR) convert S⁰ to sulfite and thiosulfate.
Thiosulfate Pathways:
Sox system oxidizes thiosulfate directly to sulfate.
Thiosulfate: quinone oxidoreductase (TQO) generates tetrathionate, subsequently hydrolyzed by tetrathionate hydrolase (TetH).pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih
Sulfide Oxidation: Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) catalyzes sulfide to elemental sulfur or polysulfide, feeding into other oxidation routes.
Sulfite to Sulfate: Periplasmic sulfite oxidase (SOX) finalizes the conversion to sulfate, releasing protons that acidify the environment and mobilize metals.
Additional Info
Recommended Crops: Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre Crops, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops, Plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits, Spices, Flowers, Medicinal crops, Aromatic Crops, Orchards, and Ornamentals.
Compatibility: Compatible with Bio Pesticides, Bio Fertilizers, and Plant growth hormones but not with chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides.
Shelf Life: Stable within 1 year from the date of manufacturing.
Packing: We offer tailor-made packaging as per customers' requirements.
Dosage & Application
Seedling Treatment: Prepare a mixture of 100 grams Thiobacillus Thiooxidans in sufficient water. Dip the roots of the seedlings into the mixture for 30 minutes before planting.
Soil Treatment: Mix 3-5 kg per acre of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans with organic manure/organic fertilizers.
Irrigation: Mix 3 kg per acre of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans in a sufficient amount of water and run into the drip lines.
FAQ
What is Thiobacillus thiooxidans used for?
It oxidizes elemental sulfur into plant-available sulfate, serves in biofertilizers for S-deficient soils, and drives bioleaching of metals from ores and wastes.link.springer+1
Where is Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans found?
A. ferrooxidans thrives in acid mine drainage, sulfide-rich soils, and industrial effluents, often co-existing with A. thiooxidans in biomining environments.linkinghub.elsevier
What does Thiobacillus ferrooxidans do?
It oxidizes Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ via rusticyanin and cytochromes, acidifies its environment, and solubilizes iron and other metals for agricultural and industrial applications.universalmicrobes
Is Thiobacillus ferrooxidans harmful or beneficial?
Beneficial for bioleaching and soil micronutrient mobilization, but its acid production can accelerate concrete corrosion and acidify effluents if unmanaged.e3s-conferences
How does Thiobacillus thiooxidans help in bioleaching?
By producing sulfuric acid through sulfur oxidation, it lowers pH, solubilizes metal sulfides, and enhances metal recovery from ores and industrial wastes.linkinghub.elsevier
Can Thiobacillus species improve soil fertility?
Yes—by oxidizing sulfur compounds to sulfate, they sustain plant sulfur nutrition, stimulate microbial diversity, and improve soil structure and nutrient cycling.link.springer
Are Thiobacillus bacteria used in wastewater treatment?
They are employed for desulfurization and heavy metal removal in tannery, municipal, and industrial wastewaters via sulfur oxidation and acidification processes.hindawi+1
